As a culminating activity re the movie Swing Kids I want you to create a page with 5 graphics (clip art, sketches, etc) surrounding notes on the movie.
Here are basic notes:
* "His voice of hate. His promises of glory." a letter by Peter Muller's father in regards Germans opposing Hitler.
* We are not in charge. We cannot know what's really going on." Thomas Berger in regards understanding the Nazis' murderious activities.
* "You must steel yourself." Muller's mother on how to survive the brutality of the nazi regime.
* "I was once like you." Gestapo officer Knopp in his effort to get Peter to convert to Nazism.
* "We are murdering Austrians, Poles and Czechs." Arvid, the musician, on the silence of the German people in the face of Nazi atrocities.
* 1939 - 1940 timeframe of the movie.
* Hamburg, the site of the story (though filmed in Prague, Czechoslovakia).
* Swing kids:
- resist joining the Hitler Jugend
- Listen & dance to jazz, smuggle in jazz records.
- long hair, English-style clothes.
- anti-Nazi.
* "It don't mean a thing if it ain't got that swing." tune by jazz bandleader Duke Ellington.
Tuesday, May 09, 2006
Monday, May 08, 2006
French cuisine and Seven French regions
* Escargots Burguignon: snails served in a garlic-butter sauce.
* fromage: cheese
* brie: a type of goat cheese
* mayonnaise: olive oil, eggs, lemon, etc.
* pomme de terre frites: french fries
* ecrevisses: crawfish
* boudin noir: rice-filled pork sausage - with congealed blood.
* pate de foie gras: liver paste; made of fattened goose livers.
* truffles: underground fungus
* boeuf Burguignon: beef stew with wine
* petit dejeuner : breakfast
* dejeuner: lunch (typically, 2 hours)
* le diner: supper (2 hrs later than American supper).
*pain perdu: French toast.
* quiche Lorraine: egg-cheese pie.
* Perrier: bottled water from France.
Regions -
* Normandy (D Day)
* Brittany (British immigrants)
* Bordeaux: wine & food region on the Atlantic side.
* Provence: Matisse and Picasso painted here.
* Cote d'Azur / French Riviera: expensive beaches.
* Burgundy: wine and cuisine region on the East.
* Champagne: part of Burgundy.
Additionally -
Pyrenees Mts. border between France & Espana.
Corsica: napoleon Bobaparte's home.
Strait of Dover: some 24 miles across.
English Channel: Dover to Calais.
Belgium: fabrics, waffles, oysters, beers.
Luxembourg: high standard of living.
Deutschland: traditional foe of the French.
Switzerland: banks, watches, chalets.
L'Italia: Nutella, autos, fabrics, the Renaissance.
Espana: Also part of the Roman Empire.
Thursday
* hand-sketched map of France and neighbors. Vocabulary quiz: France and Swing Kids.
Tues. Collage on the movie Swing Kids.
Wed. Performance day.
* fromage: cheese
* brie: a type of goat cheese
* mayonnaise: olive oil, eggs, lemon, etc.
* pomme de terre frites: french fries
* ecrevisses: crawfish
* boudin noir: rice-filled pork sausage - with congealed blood.
* pate de foie gras: liver paste; made of fattened goose livers.
* truffles: underground fungus
* boeuf Burguignon: beef stew with wine
* petit dejeuner : breakfast
* dejeuner: lunch (typically, 2 hours)
* le diner: supper (2 hrs later than American supper).
*pain perdu: French toast.
* quiche Lorraine: egg-cheese pie.
* Perrier: bottled water from France.
Regions -
* Normandy (D Day)
* Brittany (British immigrants)
* Bordeaux: wine & food region on the Atlantic side.
* Provence: Matisse and Picasso painted here.
* Cote d'Azur / French Riviera: expensive beaches.
* Burgundy: wine and cuisine region on the East.
* Champagne: part of Burgundy.
Additionally -
Pyrenees Mts. border between France & Espana.
Corsica: napoleon Bobaparte's home.
Strait of Dover: some 24 miles across.
English Channel: Dover to Calais.
Belgium: fabrics, waffles, oysters, beers.
Luxembourg: high standard of living.
Deutschland: traditional foe of the French.
Switzerland: banks, watches, chalets.
L'Italia: Nutella, autos, fabrics, the Renaissance.
Espana: Also part of the Roman Empire.
Thursday
* hand-sketched map of France and neighbors. Vocabulary quiz: France and Swing Kids.
Tues. Collage on the movie Swing Kids.
Wed. Performance day.
Saturday, May 06, 2006
Diesel-powered Audi wins Sebring Grand Prix
A NYTimes article entitled Remaking Diesel's Image a Lap at a Time says, "European roads are bustling with modern diesel cars that do not spew stinky clouds of black smoke from their tailpipes or announce their presence with a truck-stop clatter from under the hood. But with few exceptions, American drivers cannot buy these refined models.
Not that it matters. Buyers in the United States do not clamor for these thrifty cars anyway, largely because the diesels they have known were slow, quirky and not worth the fuss so long as gasoline was cheap.
But diesels are fast becoming much cooler, and much faster. Traditional diesel vices have been tamed by new technologies, and the latest Eurodiesels offer performance similar to that of gasoline-powered sport sedans. Further evidence of the diesel's performance potential came earlier this month, when the diesel-powered Audi R10 won the 12 Hours of Sebring sports car race in Florida.
Cleaning up diesels to meet American emissions standards cannot be accomplished with the same solutions used for gasoline engines. A conventional gasoline engine compresses a mixture of fuel and air, then ignites it with an electric spark just before the piston reaches the top of its stroke. How much the mixture can be squeezed — and therefore the fuel efficiency — is limited by the fuel's ability to resist detonation, or pinging.
A diesel engine, though, compresses air only, and can thus compress it much more, raising its temperature to several hundred degrees. As the piston reaches the top of its travel, fuel is sprayed into the cylinder by a high-pressure injector; after a short delay, it ignites spontaneously. In both types of engines, the pressure created by the heat of the burning fuel drives the piston downward in the cylinder to produce rotary mechanical power at the crankshaft.
The appeal of a diesel engine is its greater fuel economy, a gain of 25 to 40 percent. European regulators allow diesels to operate under less-strict emissions standards and the benefit of a lower fuel tax in return for their ability to reduce dependence on foreign oil.
More than half of European car buyers choose diesel engines. In the United States, diesel efficiency could also help to reduce fuel imports — or allow drivers to continue their romance with large cars and S.U.V.'s despite high fuel prices.
For a time in the 1980's diesels were attractive to buyers and regulators alike because they were so fuel-efficient and because their operation, with at least 20 percent more air than their fuel requires, suppressed hydrocarbon emissions. Then it was discovered that carbon particles in diesel exhaust carry chemicals linked to cancer.
Interest in diesels waned in the United States. But high fuel costs are again making diesels attractive, despite emissions rules that limit where they can be sold."
Not that it matters. Buyers in the United States do not clamor for these thrifty cars anyway, largely because the diesels they have known were slow, quirky and not worth the fuss so long as gasoline was cheap.
But diesels are fast becoming much cooler, and much faster. Traditional diesel vices have been tamed by new technologies, and the latest Eurodiesels offer performance similar to that of gasoline-powered sport sedans. Further evidence of the diesel's performance potential came earlier this month, when the diesel-powered Audi R10 won the 12 Hours of Sebring sports car race in Florida.
Cleaning up diesels to meet American emissions standards cannot be accomplished with the same solutions used for gasoline engines. A conventional gasoline engine compresses a mixture of fuel and air, then ignites it with an electric spark just before the piston reaches the top of its stroke. How much the mixture can be squeezed — and therefore the fuel efficiency — is limited by the fuel's ability to resist detonation, or pinging.
A diesel engine, though, compresses air only, and can thus compress it much more, raising its temperature to several hundred degrees. As the piston reaches the top of its travel, fuel is sprayed into the cylinder by a high-pressure injector; after a short delay, it ignites spontaneously. In both types of engines, the pressure created by the heat of the burning fuel drives the piston downward in the cylinder to produce rotary mechanical power at the crankshaft.
The appeal of a diesel engine is its greater fuel economy, a gain of 25 to 40 percent. European regulators allow diesels to operate under less-strict emissions standards and the benefit of a lower fuel tax in return for their ability to reduce dependence on foreign oil.
More than half of European car buyers choose diesel engines. In the United States, diesel efficiency could also help to reduce fuel imports — or allow drivers to continue their romance with large cars and S.U.V.'s despite high fuel prices.
For a time in the 1980's diesels were attractive to buyers and regulators alike because they were so fuel-efficient and because their operation, with at least 20 percent more air than their fuel requires, suppressed hydrocarbon emissions. Then it was discovered that carbon particles in diesel exhaust carry chemicals linked to cancer.
Interest in diesels waned in the United States. But high fuel costs are again making diesels attractive, despite emissions rules that limit where they can be sold."
Friday, May 05, 2006
Choreographer Otis Sallid: Swing Kids, Malcolm X, Smokey Joe's Cafe, etc
Choreographer Otis Sallid: Swing Kids, Malcolm X, Smokey Joe's Cafe, etc
Originally uploaded by trudeau.
Thursday, May 04, 2006
The industrial, seafaring nation on the North Sea and Baltic
Germany
Learn language basics at German Phrases. Example: "Auf wiedersehen!"
vocab:
verboten! forbidden
achtung! danger, or, warning
nacht night
Independent work
Research, compare and document an essay comparing 2 notable Germans, such as Adi Dassler and Albert Einstein.
Learn language basics at German Phrases. Example: "Auf wiedersehen!"
vocab:
verboten! forbidden
achtung! danger, or, warning
nacht night
Independent work
Research, compare and document an essay comparing 2 notable Germans, such as Adi Dassler and Albert Einstein.
Wednesday, May 03, 2006
Swing Kids (1993): a tale of resistance against the Nazis
Hamburg, 1939
The story of a close-knit group of young kids in Nazi Germany who listen to banned swing music from the US. Soon dancing and fun leads to more difficult choices as the Nazi's begin tightening the grip on Germany. Each member of the group is forced to face some tough choices about right, wrong, and survival, says IMDB.com.
Not all Deutsches cooperated with the Nazis. Many young Germans realized that the Fascist regime was corrupt and that the Nazi rule was demonic.
Students who loved jazz were considered rebels. Many of them realized the Nazi racist point of view was irrational.
Rejected along with Jews were African-Americans and their dancing and music (as well as Gypsies, Slavs, the handicapped, etc.).
Swing Kids presents us with a smooth-talking Gestapo agent played by actor Kenneth Branagh.
Who says, "You must learn to steel yourself," in regards cooperating with the Nazis? The hero's mother. She lost her husband to Nazi imprisonment and lived under nerve-wracking Gestapo observation for years.
See more about the actors and reviews of Swing Kids at http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108265/
vocab -
Axis powers: Deutschland, L'Italia (both fascist), japan
Allied powers: Great Britain (GB), France, USA, Russia (despite a cooperation treaty, the Russians were invaded by Hitler; Russia recovered from their losses and helped defeat the German armies).
D-Day - Allied invasion of France.
Schindler's List is based on a true story; I recommend it highly. Saving Private Ryan is also
based on historically accurate material; also recommended.
Map quiz: 3 cities; the remaining 12 items must be neighboring nations and bodies of water.
Da; nyet. Ja; nein. Which languages?
Alte schule, real schule, gymnasium.
Albrecht Durer (1500), Renaissance artist in Germany. First to produce prints (via engraving) of his work and have them widely and inexpensively distributed. See Johann Gutenberg.
Maia: Roman goddess for which we have the month of May.
The story of a close-knit group of young kids in Nazi Germany who listen to banned swing music from the US. Soon dancing and fun leads to more difficult choices as the Nazi's begin tightening the grip on Germany. Each member of the group is forced to face some tough choices about right, wrong, and survival, says IMDB.com.
Not all Deutsches cooperated with the Nazis. Many young Germans realized that the Fascist regime was corrupt and that the Nazi rule was demonic.
Students who loved jazz were considered rebels. Many of them realized the Nazi racist point of view was irrational.
Rejected along with Jews were African-Americans and their dancing and music (as well as Gypsies, Slavs, the handicapped, etc.).
Swing Kids presents us with a smooth-talking Gestapo agent played by actor Kenneth Branagh.
Who says, "You must learn to steel yourself," in regards cooperating with the Nazis? The hero's mother. She lost her husband to Nazi imprisonment and lived under nerve-wracking Gestapo observation for years.
See more about the actors and reviews of Swing Kids at http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108265/
vocab -
Axis powers: Deutschland, L'Italia (both fascist), japan
Allied powers: Great Britain (GB), France, USA, Russia (despite a cooperation treaty, the Russians were invaded by Hitler; Russia recovered from their losses and helped defeat the German armies).
D-Day - Allied invasion of France.
Schindler's List is based on a true story; I recommend it highly. Saving Private Ryan is also
based on historically accurate material; also recommended.
Map quiz: 3 cities; the remaining 12 items must be neighboring nations and bodies of water.
Da; nyet. Ja; nein. Which languages?
Alte schule, real schule, gymnasium.
Albrecht Durer (1500), Renaissance artist in Germany. First to produce prints (via engraving) of his work and have them widely and inexpensively distributed. See Johann Gutenberg.
Maia: Roman goddess for which we have the month of May.
Tuesday, May 02, 2006
Duke Ellington: swing jazz in Harlem moved people across the globe
Early Jazz - 1910's, 1920's
New Orleans: King Oliver, Louis Armstrong / brass band-influenced. "Hot music."
Chicago: Oliver, Armstrong, etc., making small group jazz in a ragtime style. Dancers loved it.
Swing jazz - 1930's, 1940's
NYC / Harlem: Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Tommy Dorsey, Gene Krupa.
Big bands made a big sound; dancers got wilder with the jitterbug and variations.
Cool jazz / bebop - 1950's, 1960's
NYC: Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, etc. made complex jazz primarily for listening, not dancing.
Rock & roll - 1950's
Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Bill Haley, Little Richard, etc. combined the blues and R & B with country music and came out with Rock/nRoll. Dancers began with the jitterbug and moved on to the twist, etc.
New Orleans: King Oliver, Louis Armstrong / brass band-influenced. "Hot music."
Chicago: Oliver, Armstrong, etc., making small group jazz in a ragtime style. Dancers loved it.
Swing jazz - 1930's, 1940's
NYC / Harlem: Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Tommy Dorsey, Gene Krupa.
Big bands made a big sound; dancers got wilder with the jitterbug and variations.
Cool jazz / bebop - 1950's, 1960's
NYC: Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, etc. made complex jazz primarily for listening, not dancing.
Rock & roll - 1950's
Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Bill Haley, Little Richard, etc. combined the blues and R & B with country music and came out with Rock/nRoll. Dancers began with the jitterbug and moved on to the twist, etc.
Heinrich Himmler: head of the SS and Gestapo and architect of the Final Solution
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (help·info) (October 7, 1900 – May 23, 1945) was the commander of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany, says Wikipedia.com. As Reichsführer-SS, he controlled the SS and the Gestapo.
He also became a leading organizer of the Holocaust. As founder and officer-in-charge of the Nazi concentration camps and the Einsatzgruppen death squads, Himmler was responsible for implementing the industrial scale extermination of between six and 12 million people. Among the victims were Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, Communists, Liberals, Freemasons, Jehovah's witnesses and Blacks.
He also became a leading organizer of the Holocaust. As founder and officer-in-charge of the Nazi concentration camps and the Einsatzgruppen death squads, Himmler was responsible for implementing the industrial scale extermination of between six and 12 million people. Among the victims were Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, Communists, Liberals, Freemasons, Jehovah's witnesses and Blacks.
Monday, May 01, 2006
Holocaust studies: Hermann Goering, Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe (commander in chief of the Air Force)
Holocaust studies: hermann goering, Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe (commander in chief of the Air Force)
Originally uploaded by trudeau.
Appointed by Hitler as Plenipotentiary for the Implementation of the Four-Year Plan
September 1, 1939 Hitler appointed him his first successor
June 19, 1940 was made Reichsmarschall (Reich marshal)
Began to lose favor with Hitler during the Battle of Britain because of the decreased effectiveness of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force)
May 9, 1945 captured by U.S. troops
Tried at the Nuremberg Trials
Found guilty on all four counts: conspiracy to commit crimes alleged in other counts, crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity
October 15, 1946, two hours before his scheduled execution, he committed suicide by swallowing a cyanide capsule he smuggled into prison.
Th, May 4, Deutschland map quiz and vocab quiz.
New map id's:
Sweden, Norway (Norse men)
Bavaria
Nord Zee
uber
kapell meister, JS Bach
gezundheit
kindergarten
Great Dane
Rudolf Diesel
Opel
Guten tag!
Brief timeline of Adolf Hitler:
1889 Born in Branau, Austria.
1914 - 1918 WWI; serves in German Army. Wins medal for heroism.
1919 Joins Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) in Munich.
1924 Spends year in prison for a failed attempt to take over the government in Munich. In jail writes Mein Kampf.
1932 Wins 38% of vote in national elections; wins seat in parliament.
1933 Becomes Chancellor of Germany through chicanery. Reign of terror through use of police, political troops and secret police - Gestapo - to intimidate opponents. Hitler says "Democracy leads only to communism."
Creates Hitler Youth (Jugend) to extend militarism and totalitarian control.
1935 Laws declare that Jews are lesser beings. Jews sent to death (concentration) and work camps.
1939 Invasion of Poalnd signals beginning of WWII.
1945 Defeat of Germany and suicide of Hitler.
Saturday, April 29, 2006
Digital portfolio due May 17; students need 7 new images
Wed, May 17 deadline:
Digital portfolio updated to 12 images:
5 from fall semester and 7 from spring semester.
20 pts. (3 pts. per image)
Requirements:
* Photos of you and your work (10), events you attended (2).
* Brief commentary, such as name, date, subject, type-of or name-of project or location, names of elements or other people in photo.
* Store on:
- web site
- flash drive
- compact disk (sorry, no 3.5" diskettes allowed).
Digital portfolio updated to 12 images:
5 from fall semester and 7 from spring semester.
20 pts. (3 pts. per image)
Requirements:
* Photos of you and your work (10), events you attended (2).
* Brief commentary, such as name, date, subject, type-of or name-of project or location, names of elements or other people in photo.
* Store on:
- web site
- flash drive
- compact disk (sorry, no 3.5" diskettes allowed).
Oil Rig Platform, Scottish coast: a brief history of oil from Wikipedia
The first oil wells were drilled in China in the 4th century or earlier. They had depth of up to 243 meters and were drilled using bits attached to bamboo poles. The oil was burned to evaporate brine and produce salt. By the 10th century, extensive bamboo pipelines connected oil wells with salt springs.
Ancient Persian tablets indicate the medicinal and lighting uses of petroleum in the upper echelons of their society.
In the 8th century, the streets of the newly-constructed Baghdad were paved with tar, derived from easily-accessible petroleum from natural fields in the region. In the 9th century, oil fields were exploited in Baku, Azerbaijan, to produce naphtha. These fields were described by the geographer Masudi in the 10th century, and by Marco Polo in the 13th century, who described the output of those wells as hundreds of shiploads. (See also: Timeline of Islamic science and technology.)
The modern history of petroleum began in 1846, with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Atlantic Canada's Abraham Pineo Gesner. Poland's Ignacy Łukasiewicz discovered a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") in 1852 and the first rock oil mine was built in Bobrka, near Krosno in southern Poland in the following year.
These discoveries rapidly spread around the world, and Meerzoeff built the first Russian refinery in the mature oil fields at Baku in 1861. At that time Baku produced about 90% of the world's oil. The battle of Stalingrad was fought over Baku (now the capital of the Azerbaijan Republic).
Oil field in California, 1938. The first modern oil well was drilled in 1848 by Russian engineer F.N. Semyonov, on the Aspheron Peninsula north-east of Baku.
The first commercial oil well drilled in North America was in Oil Springs, Ontario, Canada in 1858, dug by James Miller Williams.
The American petroleum industry began with Edwin Drake's discovery of oil in 1859, near Titusville, Pennsylvania. The industry grew slowly in the 1800s, driven by the demand for kerosene and oil lamps. It became a major national concern in the early part of the 20th century; the introduction of the internal combustion engine provided a demand that has largely sustained the industry to this day.
Early "local" finds like those in Pennsylvania and Ontario were quickly exhausted, leading to "oil booms" in Texas, Oklahoma, and California.
By 1910, significant oil fields had been discovered in Canada (specifically, in the province of Alberta), the Dutch East Indies (1885, in Sumatra), Persia (1908, in Masjed Soleiman), Peru, Venezuela, and Mexico, and were being developed at an industrial level.
Until the mid-1950s, coal was still the world's foremost fuel, but oil quickly took over. Following the 1973 energy crisis and the 1979 energy crisis, there was significant media coverage of oil supply levels. This brought to light the concern that oil is a limited resource that will eventually run out, at least as an economically viable energy source. At the time, the most common and popular predictions were always quite dire, and when they did not come true, many dismissed all such discussion.
The future of petroleum as a fuel remains somewhat controversial. USA Today news (2004) reports that there are 40 years of petroleum left in the ground. Some would argue that because the total amount of petroleum is finite, the dire predictions of the 1970s have merely been postponed. Others argue that technology will continue to allow for the production of cheap hydrocarbons and that the earth has vast sources of unconventional petroleum reserves in the form of tar sands, bitumen fields and oil shale that will allow for petroleum use to continue in the future, with both the Canadian tar sands and United States shale oil deposits representing potential reserves matching existing liquid petroleum deposits worldwide.
Today, about 90% of vehicular fuel needs are met by oil. Petroleum also makes up 40% of total energy consumption in the United States, but is responsible for only 2% of electricity generation. Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source powering the vast majority of vehicles and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important commodities.
Access to oil was a major factor in several military conflicts, including World War II and the Persian Gulf War. About 80% of the world's readily accessible reserves are located in the Middle East, with 62.5% coming from the Arab 5: Saudi Arabia (12.5%), UAE, Iraq, Qatar and Kuwait.
The USA has less than 3%.
Ancient Persian tablets indicate the medicinal and lighting uses of petroleum in the upper echelons of their society.
In the 8th century, the streets of the newly-constructed Baghdad were paved with tar, derived from easily-accessible petroleum from natural fields in the region. In the 9th century, oil fields were exploited in Baku, Azerbaijan, to produce naphtha. These fields were described by the geographer Masudi in the 10th century, and by Marco Polo in the 13th century, who described the output of those wells as hundreds of shiploads. (See also: Timeline of Islamic science and technology.)
The modern history of petroleum began in 1846, with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Atlantic Canada's Abraham Pineo Gesner. Poland's Ignacy Łukasiewicz discovered a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") in 1852 and the first rock oil mine was built in Bobrka, near Krosno in southern Poland in the following year.
These discoveries rapidly spread around the world, and Meerzoeff built the first Russian refinery in the mature oil fields at Baku in 1861. At that time Baku produced about 90% of the world's oil. The battle of Stalingrad was fought over Baku (now the capital of the Azerbaijan Republic).
Oil field in California, 1938. The first modern oil well was drilled in 1848 by Russian engineer F.N. Semyonov, on the Aspheron Peninsula north-east of Baku.
The first commercial oil well drilled in North America was in Oil Springs, Ontario, Canada in 1858, dug by James Miller Williams.
The American petroleum industry began with Edwin Drake's discovery of oil in 1859, near Titusville, Pennsylvania. The industry grew slowly in the 1800s, driven by the demand for kerosene and oil lamps. It became a major national concern in the early part of the 20th century; the introduction of the internal combustion engine provided a demand that has largely sustained the industry to this day.
Early "local" finds like those in Pennsylvania and Ontario were quickly exhausted, leading to "oil booms" in Texas, Oklahoma, and California.
By 1910, significant oil fields had been discovered in Canada (specifically, in the province of Alberta), the Dutch East Indies (1885, in Sumatra), Persia (1908, in Masjed Soleiman), Peru, Venezuela, and Mexico, and were being developed at an industrial level.
Until the mid-1950s, coal was still the world's foremost fuel, but oil quickly took over. Following the 1973 energy crisis and the 1979 energy crisis, there was significant media coverage of oil supply levels. This brought to light the concern that oil is a limited resource that will eventually run out, at least as an economically viable energy source. At the time, the most common and popular predictions were always quite dire, and when they did not come true, many dismissed all such discussion.
The future of petroleum as a fuel remains somewhat controversial. USA Today news (2004) reports that there are 40 years of petroleum left in the ground. Some would argue that because the total amount of petroleum is finite, the dire predictions of the 1970s have merely been postponed. Others argue that technology will continue to allow for the production of cheap hydrocarbons and that the earth has vast sources of unconventional petroleum reserves in the form of tar sands, bitumen fields and oil shale that will allow for petroleum use to continue in the future, with both the Canadian tar sands and United States shale oil deposits representing potential reserves matching existing liquid petroleum deposits worldwide.
Today, about 90% of vehicular fuel needs are met by oil. Petroleum also makes up 40% of total energy consumption in the United States, but is responsible for only 2% of electricity generation. Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source powering the vast majority of vehicles and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important commodities.
Access to oil was a major factor in several military conflicts, including World War II and the Persian Gulf War. About 80% of the world's readily accessible reserves are located in the Middle East, with 62.5% coming from the Arab 5: Saudi Arabia (12.5%), UAE, Iraq, Qatar and Kuwait.
The USA has less than 3%.
Neuschwanstein Castle: Deutschsland
Deutschland and the Deutsch
Martin Luther
Johannes Gutenberg
Johann Sebastian Bach
Ludwig van Beethoven
Albert Einstein
Albrecht Durer
Nikolaus Otto
Count Von Zeppelin
Josef Leitz
Karl Marx
Ferdinand Porsche
Adi Dassler
Audi
Mercedes Benz (Daimler Chrysler)
Bavarian Motor Works (BMW)
Volkswagen
Porsche
BASF
Bayer Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
Addidas, Puma
Leica
German immigrants:
hamburger
frankfurter
apple pie
cherry pie
pretzels
Great Depression / 1930's >
appeal of communism >
Fascists offer opposition to communists, win support ofnthe wealthy class >
1933: Hitler wins election >
Hitler manipulates Deutsch politics >
1939 - 1945, war >
Luftwaffe
Messerschmitt
V-1, V-2 guided missles
Battle of Britain
Other vovab:
arboreal
palina
Martin Luther
Johannes Gutenberg
Johann Sebastian Bach
Ludwig van Beethoven
Albert Einstein
Albrecht Durer
Nikolaus Otto
Count Von Zeppelin
Josef Leitz
Karl Marx
Ferdinand Porsche
Adi Dassler
Audi
Mercedes Benz (Daimler Chrysler)
Bavarian Motor Works (BMW)
Volkswagen
Porsche
BASF
Bayer Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
Addidas, Puma
Leica
German immigrants:
hamburger
frankfurter
apple pie
cherry pie
pretzels
Great Depression / 1930's >
appeal of communism >
Fascists offer opposition to communists, win support ofnthe wealthy class >
1933: Hitler wins election >
Hitler manipulates Deutsch politics >
1939 - 1945, war >
Luftwaffe
Messerschmitt
V-1, V-2 guided missles
Battle of Britain
Other vovab:
arboreal
palina
Wednesday, April 26, 2006
A visit to Maya country via Spanish teacher Pablo Flowers
When CMHS teacher Paul Flowers went to the Mexican state of Tabasco at spring break, he took his camera and brought back images of country life and Mayan history.
Here's some of what I learned when we combined classes:
* hermanos: "brothers"
* iglesias: "church"
* in rural Mexico, physicians do not earn the princely salaries collected by US docs.
* a taco is simply a soft tortilla plus spicy meat.
* the Mayan ruins of Palenque include pyramids, ball court, residences, astronomical observatory and a great deal of relief sculpture.
* Protestant churches are important to the Mexican people today; once all of Mexico was Roman Catholic.
* rural Mexicans slaughter cattle on site for a big gathering. they consume *every bit* of the carcass.
* the giant mango tree and many other fruit trees are common in the tropical region.
* ranch hands make perhaps $5 per day, but they work only about 4 hours and their cost of living - for basics - is low.
* cacao is one of the rich products of the jungle of southern Mexico.
Examine the map of Maya territory. Which of today's countries lies upon their lands?
Here's some of what I learned when we combined classes:
* hermanos: "brothers"
* iglesias: "church"
* in rural Mexico, physicians do not earn the princely salaries collected by US docs.
* a taco is simply a soft tortilla plus spicy meat.
* the Mayan ruins of Palenque include pyramids, ball court, residences, astronomical observatory and a great deal of relief sculpture.
* Protestant churches are important to the Mexican people today; once all of Mexico was Roman Catholic.
* rural Mexicans slaughter cattle on site for a big gathering. they consume *every bit* of the carcass.
* the giant mango tree and many other fruit trees are common in the tropical region.
* ranch hands make perhaps $5 per day, but they work only about 4 hours and their cost of living - for basics - is low.
* cacao is one of the rich products of the jungle of southern Mexico.
Examine the map of Maya territory. Which of today's countries lies upon their lands?
Tuesday, April 25, 2006
Cancun sunset: exploring the map of Mexico
Map review:
1) 2 Mexican peninsulas:
2) 3 bodies of water bordering Mex.
3) Volcanic mountain peak east of Mex City.
4) Pacific resort.
5) Two southern neighbors.
6) 2nd most populous city.
7) Island.
8) 4 states.
9) Mountain range.
10) T / F There are over a hundred WalMarts in Mexico.
1. Baja, Yucatan.
2. Gulf of Mex, Pacific, Caribbean.
3. Popocatepetl
4. Acapulco, cabo san Lucas.
5. Guatemala, Belize.
6. Guadalajara
7. Cozumel, Cancun, Mujeres.
8. AZ, CA, NM, TX
9. Sierra madre Oriental, also SM Occidental and SM del Sur.
10. True, acc to Walmart.com.
Vocab:
palapa (see illustration)
batidos
horchata
hola
1) 2 Mexican peninsulas:
2) 3 bodies of water bordering Mex.
3) Volcanic mountain peak east of Mex City.
4) Pacific resort.
5) Two southern neighbors.
6) 2nd most populous city.
7) Island.
8) 4 states.
9) Mountain range.
10) T / F There are over a hundred WalMarts in Mexico.
1. Baja, Yucatan.
2. Gulf of Mex, Pacific, Caribbean.
3. Popocatepetl
4. Acapulco, cabo san Lucas.
5. Guatemala, Belize.
6. Guadalajara
7. Cozumel, Cancun, Mujeres.
8. AZ, CA, NM, TX
9. Sierra madre Oriental, also SM Occidental and SM del Sur.
10. True, acc to Walmart.com.
Vocab:
palapa (see illustration)
batidos
horchata
hola
Monday, April 24, 2006
Bocce: a bit of Europe on the CMHS campus
Play a bit of Bocce on the quad at mag this week during geo class!
Qualify by bringing in a print-out of research on
a) the history and
b) the rules (general) of the game.
Be sure to highlight the history to show me you've read the material.
5 pts. bonus credit. This week only.
Qualify by bringing in a print-out of research on
a) the history and
b) the rules (general) of the game.
Be sure to highlight the history to show me you've read the material.
5 pts. bonus credit. This week only.
Wed presentation on Tabasco, Mexico, by Spanish teacher Mr Paul Flowers
Thursday's map quiz comprises . . .
Cal, Ariz, NM, Tx
Laredo, El Paso, San Diego, Corpus Christi
Ciudad Juarez, Nuevo Laredo, Tijuana
Rio Grande, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean
Guadalajara, Mex City, Acapulco, Cancun
Mt. Popocatepetl (volcano)
Yucatan peninsula, Tabasco state, Isla Cozumel
Guatemala, Belize (English-speaking)
Cal, Ariz, NM, Tx
Laredo, El Paso, San Diego, Corpus Christi
Ciudad Juarez, Nuevo Laredo, Tijuana
Rio Grande, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean
Guadalajara, Mex City, Acapulco, Cancun
Mt. Popocatepetl (volcano)
Yucatan peninsula, Tabasco state, Isla Cozumel
Guatemala, Belize (English-speaking)
Thursday, April 20, 2006
It's 500 BC; you have left your home in Greece and arrived in Egypt
Imagine a Mediterranean journey . . .
This week's essay asks you to comb your notes for details that will bring to life a journey from Greece to Egypt in 500 BC. That date represents the high point of Athenian civilization, yet in Egypt the glorious reign of the Pharaohs has ended. Describe a sea voyage from Athens to Alexandria and a trek down the Nile to Thebes. Describe yourself (aristocrat? slave?) and your companions. Include dialogue. Your points will come from descriptions of architecture, landscape and cultural elements. Use your notes! BTW, in 500 BC Egypt has been conquered by the Persians and the Pharaonic era has been over for some time. 10 pts (or up to 15 for outstanding inclusion of abundant detail).
This week's essay asks you to comb your notes for details that will bring to life a journey from Greece to Egypt in 500 BC. That date represents the high point of Athenian civilization, yet in Egypt the glorious reign of the Pharaohs has ended. Describe a sea voyage from Athens to Alexandria and a trek down the Nile to Thebes. Describe yourself (aristocrat? slave?) and your companions. Include dialogue. Your points will come from descriptions of architecture, landscape and cultural elements. Use your notes! BTW, in 500 BC Egypt has been conquered by the Persians and the Pharaonic era has been over for some time. 10 pts (or up to 15 for outstanding inclusion of abundant detail).
Wednesday, April 19, 2006
Mummy of Antjau
Egyptian pharaoh comparison reports due Mon, Ap 24.
1) Choose either essay or powerpoint-type presentation.
2) Pp:
* each slide must address both topics
* keep each slide simple: 2 to 3 bulleted items.
* have script from which to read.
* include a source on each image.
* have a photo-type image in each slide.
* include a map.
3) Wikipedia.org must be balanced by use of worldbookonline.com, infoplease.com, cia.gov, britannica, etc. Please use 2 traditional sources in addition to wikipedia.
4) Snappy title, explanatory subtitle, grammar, spelling.
5) Please don';t use a diskette. Lately 9 out of 10 of them don't work in C4's computers. Please use a flash drive or Yousendit.com.
Basic comparison personages:
Tutankhamen, Ramses II, Akhenaton, Hatshepsut and the non-pharaonic era person, Cleopatra VII.
To whom can you compare them?
Any political leader from another era and another nation. Ex: Montezuma, Louis XIV, etc.
1) Choose either essay or powerpoint-type presentation.
2) Pp:
* each slide must address both topics
* keep each slide simple: 2 to 3 bulleted items.
* have script from which to read.
* include a source on each image.
* have a photo-type image in each slide.
* include a map.
3) Wikipedia.org must be balanced by use of worldbookonline.com, infoplease.com, cia.gov, britannica, etc. Please use 2 traditional sources in addition to wikipedia.
4) Snappy title, explanatory subtitle, grammar, spelling.
5) Please don';t use a diskette. Lately 9 out of 10 of them don't work in C4's computers. Please use a flash drive or Yousendit.com.
Basic comparison personages:
Tutankhamen, Ramses II, Akhenaton, Hatshepsut and the non-pharaonic era person, Cleopatra VII.
To whom can you compare them?
Any political leader from another era and another nation. Ex: Montezuma, Louis XIV, etc.
Tuesday, April 18, 2006
A student's collection of presentation guidelines
Jered Batten, 6th hr geo, collected this material on presentations and sent it to me as an offering for the class web site. Thanks, Jered!
3 Components of an Effective Presentation
An effective presentation must get three components right:
• Content
• Design
• Delivery
Each of these components has to be on the mark and they all have to work together, as well.
When writing your content, decide on two or three main points and make sure that everything else that you write leads to those points. Make your content logical, simple, and clear. Figure out what your audience needs and wants to know and tailor your content for the audience.
Regarding design, your number one concern is legibility. Don’t put too much text on a slide and keep it large enough to read easily. The text color should contrast highly with the background color. Then, make sure that your design complements your content. Your background and images shouldn’t detract from the content. Images should work to clarify text. The layout and size of text should bring important points to the fore.
Don’t forget a winning delivery. Engaging your audience with eye contact and your overall energy is important. Know your main points and emphasize them with your voice and the amount of time you spend on them. Two’s a party; three’s a crowd, they say. If you just read your slides, you’re putting PowerPoint between you and the audience and they’ll resent it. Instead, use the slides only as support for your presentation.
Additional materials:
Nevertheless, if you're looking to create a smart, fast presentation, you might use this technique. Here are some more tips:
1. Let the text on the slide repeat a word or phrase that you're using, no more.
2. Use images that evoke what you're saying, but don't add any words to the images.
3. Show each slide for just a second or two. This method uses lots of slides, each for a short time.
4. Keep the pace fast.
Expanding One Slide into Two
If you can't make text fit properly on one slide without squeezing it in too tightly, split the text into two slides. If the text is in a text placeholder, this is easily done using the Outline toolbar. To display the OUtline toolbar, right-click any toolbar and choose Outline.
Jered found quite a few more techniques that were appropriate for advanced presenters. See him or pursue your own web search to advance your skills.
3 Components of an Effective Presentation
An effective presentation must get three components right:
• Content
• Design
• Delivery
Each of these components has to be on the mark and they all have to work together, as well.
When writing your content, decide on two or three main points and make sure that everything else that you write leads to those points. Make your content logical, simple, and clear. Figure out what your audience needs and wants to know and tailor your content for the audience.
Regarding design, your number one concern is legibility. Don’t put too much text on a slide and keep it large enough to read easily. The text color should contrast highly with the background color. Then, make sure that your design complements your content. Your background and images shouldn’t detract from the content. Images should work to clarify text. The layout and size of text should bring important points to the fore.
Don’t forget a winning delivery. Engaging your audience with eye contact and your overall energy is important. Know your main points and emphasize them with your voice and the amount of time you spend on them. Two’s a party; three’s a crowd, they say. If you just read your slides, you’re putting PowerPoint between you and the audience and they’ll resent it. Instead, use the slides only as support for your presentation.
Additional materials:
Nevertheless, if you're looking to create a smart, fast presentation, you might use this technique. Here are some more tips:
1. Let the text on the slide repeat a word or phrase that you're using, no more.
2. Use images that evoke what you're saying, but don't add any words to the images.
3. Show each slide for just a second or two. This method uses lots of slides, each for a short time.
4. Keep the pace fast.
Expanding One Slide into Two
If you can't make text fit properly on one slide without squeezing it in too tightly, split the text into two slides. If the text is in a text placeholder, this is easily done using the Outline toolbar. To display the OUtline toolbar, right-click any toolbar and choose Outline.
Jered found quite a few more techniques that were appropriate for advanced presenters. See him or pursue your own web search to advance your skills.
The lotus columns of Luxor's Temple of Amun Ra
Wed. Library research so as to create a comparison between a pharaoh aqnd other political leader from another nation, another era.
Thurs: Map quiz, Egypt. Hand-sketched.
Fri. Begin presentations on Comparisons based on pharaohs. Can be either an essay or 6-slide powerpoint.
Map review:
1. Egyptian peninsula.
2. Ancient capital of Lower Egypt.
3. Ancient capital of Upper Egypt.
4. The delta.
5. Old Kingdom monuments.
6. Valley of the Kings.
7. Cleopatra's capital.
8. Monument near border with Sudan.
9. Nation that is the source of the Blue Nile.
10. Body of water that is the source of the White Nile.
Bonus credit for writing about the
Spring Dance being sponsored by the Class of 09.
* 5 to 8 pm on Fri, Ap 21.
* tickets must be purchased in advance, $3.
* we need chaperones; all p[arents are welcome, even if you can only stay one hour.
* pizza and coke on sale after school for those staying for the dance.
Don't forget building the images in your digital portfolio. At semester's end you must have 7 images from this semester, half representing school activities.
Thurs: Map quiz, Egypt. Hand-sketched.
Fri. Begin presentations on Comparisons based on pharaohs. Can be either an essay or 6-slide powerpoint.
Map review:
1. Egyptian peninsula.
2. Ancient capital of Lower Egypt.
3. Ancient capital of Upper Egypt.
4. The delta.
5. Old Kingdom monuments.
6. Valley of the Kings.
7. Cleopatra's capital.
8. Monument near border with Sudan.
9. Nation that is the source of the Blue Nile.
10. Body of water that is the source of the White Nile.
Bonus credit for writing about the
Spring Dance being sponsored by the Class of 09.
* 5 to 8 pm on Fri, Ap 21.
* tickets must be purchased in advance, $3.
* we need chaperones; all p[arents are welcome, even if you can only stay one hour.
* pizza and coke on sale after school for those staying for the dance.
Don't forget building the images in your digital portfolio. At semester's end you must have 7 images from this semester, half representing school activities.
Wednesday, April 12, 2006
Murderous mobster arrested near Corleone, Sicily / NYTimes
April 12, 2006
Police Seize Top Mafioso After 43 Years
By ELISABETTA POVOLEDO
ROME, April 11 — Tipped off by a mundane delivery of laundry, the Italian police arrested Bernardo Provenzano, boss of all bosses of the Sicilian Mafia, on Tuesday. He had been on the run for 43 years, and the news was so big that it overtook coverage of the photo-finish Italian elections.
The police caught up with Mr. Provenzano, 73, in a farmhouse not far from Corleone, the hilltop Sicilian town made famous by Mario Puzo's "Godfather" novels.
In real life, Corleone spawned a vicious Mafia family, currently led by Mr. Provenzano, that dominated organized crime on the island for decades, leaving a trail of blood in murdered prosecutors, reporters and investigators. He has already been sentenced in absentia to life in prison at least six times as a member of the so-called Mafia Cupola, responsible for coordinating mob strategy.
The police had been monitoring Mr. Provenzano's wife and two sons, who returned to Sicily in 1993 when he became head of the Corleone family. On Tuesday investigators spotted a bundle of laundry being sent from her house to a remote farmhouse. As investigators explained it, they saw a hand come out from a door to take the package, and they decided to act.
Mr. Provenzano did not put up a struggle when the police special forces burst into the farmhouse. "He didn't say a word," the Palermo police commissioner, Giuseppe Caruso, told reporters at a packed news conference in Rome.
When Mr. Provenzano arrived at a Palermo police station, bystanders called out insults. Television newscasts showed an unruly crowd yelling "Assassin!" and "Bastard!" at Mr. Provenzano, a diminutive, silver-haired senior citizen dwarfed by the black-hooded police officers jostling him through.
Officials involved in the arrest said the preparations had begun several years ago. Working from one of the few known photographs of Mr. Provenzano — a 1959 snapshot — the police artificially aged the image on a computer, and picked up his trail when he underwent surgery in a clinic in Marseille, France, in 2003. Around a year ago, the circle began to "progressively close in around Provenzano and his accomplices," Giuseppe Pisanu, the interior minister, said at the news conference.
"The Mafia has lost its most prestigious leader," Mr. Pisanu said. "It has undergone an undeniable decapitation."
Mr. Caruso said cameras had been planted in fields surrounding Corleone, where, according to Pietro Grasso, Italy's top anti-Mafia prosecutor, the ailing mobster had come "to take refuge" near those "he most trusted."
Mr. Grasso said "an entire world" of professionals, business executives and politicians had aided Mr. Provenzano during his time on the run.
Mr. Provenzano's ability to outwit investigators for 43 years made him a lingering symbol for many Italians of the state's inability to eradicate the Mafia. And it raised suspicions that the elusive mobster had friends in high places.
Mafia turncoats arrested over the past decade confirmed to investigators that Mr. Provenzano was at the head of a criminal organization that controlled public works contracts and a sizable protection racket. Mr. Grasso said it was unlikely that the mobster would turn state's evidence, "though I hope I'm mistaken."
In a televised interview, Giancarlo Caselli, a prosecutor who once led Palermo's anti-Mafia team, warned that other important bosses had been captured in the past, "and this didn't mean the end of the Mafia."
See photos at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/12/world/europe/12mafia.html?ex=1144987200&en=739a11685510eafa&ei=5087%0A
This article is not part of geo testing, BTW.
Police Seize Top Mafioso After 43 Years
By ELISABETTA POVOLEDO
ROME, April 11 — Tipped off by a mundane delivery of laundry, the Italian police arrested Bernardo Provenzano, boss of all bosses of the Sicilian Mafia, on Tuesday. He had been on the run for 43 years, and the news was so big that it overtook coverage of the photo-finish Italian elections.
The police caught up with Mr. Provenzano, 73, in a farmhouse not far from Corleone, the hilltop Sicilian town made famous by Mario Puzo's "Godfather" novels.
In real life, Corleone spawned a vicious Mafia family, currently led by Mr. Provenzano, that dominated organized crime on the island for decades, leaving a trail of blood in murdered prosecutors, reporters and investigators. He has already been sentenced in absentia to life in prison at least six times as a member of the so-called Mafia Cupola, responsible for coordinating mob strategy.
The police had been monitoring Mr. Provenzano's wife and two sons, who returned to Sicily in 1993 when he became head of the Corleone family. On Tuesday investigators spotted a bundle of laundry being sent from her house to a remote farmhouse. As investigators explained it, they saw a hand come out from a door to take the package, and they decided to act.
Mr. Provenzano did not put up a struggle when the police special forces burst into the farmhouse. "He didn't say a word," the Palermo police commissioner, Giuseppe Caruso, told reporters at a packed news conference in Rome.
When Mr. Provenzano arrived at a Palermo police station, bystanders called out insults. Television newscasts showed an unruly crowd yelling "Assassin!" and "Bastard!" at Mr. Provenzano, a diminutive, silver-haired senior citizen dwarfed by the black-hooded police officers jostling him through.
Officials involved in the arrest said the preparations had begun several years ago. Working from one of the few known photographs of Mr. Provenzano — a 1959 snapshot — the police artificially aged the image on a computer, and picked up his trail when he underwent surgery in a clinic in Marseille, France, in 2003. Around a year ago, the circle began to "progressively close in around Provenzano and his accomplices," Giuseppe Pisanu, the interior minister, said at the news conference.
"The Mafia has lost its most prestigious leader," Mr. Pisanu said. "It has undergone an undeniable decapitation."
Mr. Caruso said cameras had been planted in fields surrounding Corleone, where, according to Pietro Grasso, Italy's top anti-Mafia prosecutor, the ailing mobster had come "to take refuge" near those "he most trusted."
Mr. Grasso said "an entire world" of professionals, business executives and politicians had aided Mr. Provenzano during his time on the run.
Mr. Provenzano's ability to outwit investigators for 43 years made him a lingering symbol for many Italians of the state's inability to eradicate the Mafia. And it raised suspicions that the elusive mobster had friends in high places.
Mafia turncoats arrested over the past decade confirmed to investigators that Mr. Provenzano was at the head of a criminal organization that controlled public works contracts and a sizable protection racket. Mr. Grasso said it was unlikely that the mobster would turn state's evidence, "though I hope I'm mistaken."
In a televised interview, Giancarlo Caselli, a prosecutor who once led Palermo's anti-Mafia team, warned that other important bosses had been captured in the past, "and this didn't mean the end of the Mafia."
See photos at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/12/world/europe/12mafia.html?ex=1144987200&en=739a11685510eafa&ei=5087%0A
This article is not part of geo testing, BTW.
Passover: ancient Jewish celebration / Seder Plate
Passover (Hebrew: פסח; transliterated as Pesach or Pesah), also called חג המצות (Chag HaMatzot - Festival of Matzot) is a Jewish holiday, says wikipedia, beginning on the 15th day of Nisan which commemorates the Exodus and freedom of the Israelites from ancient Egypt. Passover marks the "birth" of the Jewish nation, as the Jews were freed from being slaves of Pharaoh and allowed to become servants of God instead.
Together with Sukkot and Shavuot, Passover is one of the three pilgrim festivals (Shalosh Regalim) during which the entire Jewish populace made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the days of the Holy Temple.
In Israel, Passover is a 7-day holiday, with the first and last days celebrated as a full festival (involving abstention from work, special prayer services and holiday meals). Outside Israel, the holiday is celebrated for 8 days, with the first two days and last two days celebrated as full festivals. The intervening days are known as Chol HaMoed (festival weekdays).
The primary symbol of Passover is the matzo, a flat, unleavened bread which recalls the bread that the Israelites ate after their hasty departure from Egypt. According to Halakha, this bread is made from a dough of flour and water only, which has not been allowed to rise for more than 18-22 minutes. Religious Jews will observe the positive Torah commandment of eating matzo on the first night, as well as the Torah prohibition against eating or owning any leavened products — such as bread, cake, cookies, or pasta (anything whose dough has been mixed with a leavening agent or which has been left to rise more than 18-22 minutes) — for the duration of the holiday.
Together with Sukkot and Shavuot, Passover is one of the three pilgrim festivals (Shalosh Regalim) during which the entire Jewish populace made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the days of the Holy Temple.
In Israel, Passover is a 7-day holiday, with the first and last days celebrated as a full festival (involving abstention from work, special prayer services and holiday meals). Outside Israel, the holiday is celebrated for 8 days, with the first two days and last two days celebrated as full festivals. The intervening days are known as Chol HaMoed (festival weekdays).
The primary symbol of Passover is the matzo, a flat, unleavened bread which recalls the bread that the Israelites ate after their hasty departure from Egypt. According to Halakha, this bread is made from a dough of flour and water only, which has not been allowed to rise for more than 18-22 minutes. Religious Jews will observe the positive Torah commandment of eating matzo on the first night, as well as the Torah prohibition against eating or owning any leavened products — such as bread, cake, cookies, or pasta (anything whose dough has been mixed with a leavening agent or which has been left to rise more than 18-22 minutes) — for the duration of the holiday.
Egypt and the Pharaohs
Aegypticus / the Latin name for Egypt
Exploring Egypt, "Gift of the Nile," and Africa
geography / Trudeau
1. Who were the outsiders who trekked deeply into North and West Africa - about the year 1000 AD - to trade and leave behind their cultural influences?
a) Arabs b) Romans c) Greeks d) Hindus
The desert-wise Arabs!
2. These intrepid traders crossed the Sahara to trade with the peoples of West Africa. The motivation for such a trek was (choose 3):
a) slaves b) gold c) ivory d) fabrics e) masks f) music & dance.
Slaves, gold & ivory - today the world loves the fabrics, masks and music & dance of the African continent.
3. The Romans conquered the lands on the rim of North Africa about the time of Christ. They established trade with and built cities in 5 African-Mediterranean nations: __, __, __, __, & __. Please see your atals.
4. East Africa's trading neighbors would be the Arabs and others from the nations that lie closest to the border. These 4 nations would be __, __, __ & __. See yr atlas , please.
5. Which location offers evidence that the Arabs sailed down the east coast of Africa to establish trading centers? a) Mogadishu b) Mombasa c) Dar es Salaam.
Dar es salaam means the"haven of peace" in Arabic.
6. Did the Pharaonic era Egyptians have serious trouble from Midddle Eastern tribal nations? Yes / No.
Yes. In fact, peoples from Palestine/Lebanon, the Hyksos, took ruled Egypt for a time during the age of the Pharaohs.
7. The "look" of a modern Egyptian: does he look a bit like the ancient Pharaohs and a bit like a blend of the ethnic groups who've invaded Egypt over the centuries? Do Egyptians look like a "crossroads" people? Yes / No .
Yes. This is my opinion, but I spent 6 weeks studying Egypt and Egyptians on a Fulbright Fellowship, so ...
8. What is the area of Egypt? __ million sq. miles. Is it about the same as that of Nigeria? __ million sq. miles.
9. What is the population of Egypt? __ million The population of Nigeria? __ million
10. How do you explain the differences between the Egyptian and Nigerian statistics? _____________
Which came first, the Great Pyramids or the Valley of the Kings?
The pyramids came from the Old Kingdom, the Valley of the Kings from the Middle Kingdom.
* Egypt was part of the Roman Empire. Supplied wheat to Rome and the rest of the empire. Was a source of wild animals used in the coliseums' gladiatorial extravaganzas.
* The reading of hieroglyphic messages fell into disuse after the invasion of Alexander the Great (which preceded the Roman era). He brought the Greek language and culture to Egypt and the Middle East. With the extinction of the priest class and the old-style pharaohs, Hieroglyphics were replaced by Greek and Demotic script.
* Rosetta Stone: in 1799 Napoleon's soldiers dug up a basalt announcement stone with 3 scripts: Greek, Demotic and Hieroglyphics. Written about 200 BC, it was the key to translating the hieroglyphics. Credit for translation goes to Frenchman Jean Francois Chompollion.
Today the Rosetta Stone is in the British Museum, London.
* The white limestone blocks that clad the Great Pyramids in a smooth "skin" were also lost in antiquity. They were taken from the Pyramids to be used as building stone for palaces and businesses. Subsequently the dark, 2-ton blocks which make the body of the pyramids are bare.
* Another lost technology: how to make glass of the type found in the blue bands of King Tut's golden burial mask.
Cairo, Time Life Books.
World History Encyclopedia, DP.
The Arab World, Time/Life.
*** *** ***
Lives of the Pharaohs
Tutankhamen, pronounced toot ahngk AH muhn, served as king of Egypt from about 1347 B.C. until his death in 1339 B.C. His name is also spelled Tutankhamun or Tutankhamon. His reign was unimportant. But interest in Tutankhamen began in 1922, when the British archaeologist Howard Carter discovered his tomb. The tomb had not been opened since ancient times and still contained most of its treasures. It is the only tomb of an ancient Egyptian king to be discovered almost completely undamaged. See CARTER, HOWARD.
Tutankhamen became king at about the age of 9. He probably received much assistance from Ay, his vizier (minister of state). Tutankhamen's original name was Tutankhaton, meaning the living image of Aten or the life of Aten is pleasing.
Akhenaten had made Aten the sole god of Egypt. He wanted Egyptians to stop worshiping the chief sun god Amon and other traditional gods. But many Egyptians, including the powerful priests devoted to Amon, rejected the worship of Aten. About four years after becoming king, Tutankhaton took the name Tutankhamen and restored Egypt's old religion. See AKHENATEN.
Historians believe Tutankhamen died at about the age of 18, but they are unsure about the cause of his death. Ay succeeded Tutankhamen as king and held his funeral in the Valley of the Kings, a burial center at Thebes. Horemheb, a leading general, later succeeded Ay as king. Horemheb and his successors destroyed or removed all monuments built by or in honor of Tutankhamen and others who had accepted Aten as Egypt's chief god. Partly because of these actions, little was known about Tutankhamen until Carter's discovery.
Ramses, II pronounced RAM seez, was a famous Egyptian pharaoh (king) who reigned from about 1290 to 1224 B.C. Ramses came to the throne at an early age. He served as coregent (co-ruler) with his father, Seti I, for a short time before he began his own long reign.
During the early part of his reign, Ramses tried to end Hittite control of Syria. About 1285 B.C. he fought an indecisive battle against the Hittites at Kadesh and claimed a great victory. But about 1269 B.C., Ramses made a treaty with the Hittite king that divided Syria between them (see HITTITES).
During the rest of his long reign, Ramses devoted his energies to a vast building program. He built a new capital in the Nile Delta. He completed the hypostyle (col-umned) Great Hall of the Temple of Amon-Re at Karnak. He also built the mighty rock temples at Abu Simbel, and other temples in nearly every major Egyptian city. He also took credit for many buildings of his ancestors.
Ramses was probably the pharaoh spoken of in the Biblical book of Exodus. His mummy is preserved in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Akhenaten, pronounced ah kuh NAH tuhn, also called Ikhnaton, ruled ancient Egypt as pharaoh from about 1367 to 1350 B.C. He was married to Queen Nefertiti. Akhenaten was a religious reformer devoted solely to the worship of Aten, the sun god. During the early part of his reign, perhaps while coregent with his father, Amenhotep III, he abandoned the state religion of Amon. Akhenaten built a new capital at Amarna, which he called Akhetaton, meaning horizon of Aten. Late in his reign, he attacked the old religion and removed the name of the national god Amon from monuments. Akhenaten was also known as a poet and a patron of the arts. See also EGYPT, ANCIENT (The New Kingdom); NEFERTITI.
Hatshepsut, pronounced hat SHEP soot (?-1469 B.C.?) was the fourth female pharaoh in Egyptian history. The daughter of King Thutmose I and his chief wife, Queen Ahmose, Hatshepsut married her half-brother, King Thutmose II. When Thutmose II died unexpectedly about 1490 B.C., Hatshepsut's stepson, Thutmose III, inherited the throne. But because he was too young to rule, Hatshepsut served as regent (temporary ruler).
Within a few years, and with the support of the priests of the god Amon, Hatshepsut had herself crowned pharaoh alongside her stepson. Because Egyptians believed their kings were divine, she justified her new role by claiming to be the god Amon's daughter. She also had herself represented as a man on monuments.
As pharaoh, Hatshepsut encouraged trade and sent an expedition to the land of Punt, somewhere on the northeast coast of Africa. She also sponsored a vast building program at home. She added to the temple of Amon at Karnak and built for herself a great memorial temple, known today as Deir el-Bahri. These monuments, though badly damaged when Thutmose III attacked Hatshepsut's memory after her death, have preserved her fame into the present day.
Worldbook.com
Tuesday, April 11, 2006
Pop-up map of Egypt's most important ancient sites
Tues, Avril 11, students worked from a 2-sheet handout in making a pop-up map of Ancient Egypt. This is my summary of the sites most likely to be alluded to in games, movies, TV shows, commercials and literature.
* Gizeh / Great Pyramids
* Temple of Amun-Ra at Luxor
* Thebes, ancient capital
* Heliopolis, religious center
* Memphis, earliest capital
* Valley of the Kings, across the Nile from Luxor.
* Abu Simbel, the sculptural monument built by Ramses II near the border with today's Sudan.
* Nubia, the region of Southern Egypt and Northern Sudan which was the "land of gold."
* Alexandria, the city founded by Alexander of Macedonia, bearer of Greek language and culture.
Thursday:
* Open notes quiz on video "Egypt: quest for immortality," the map and notes. 20 pts.
* Pop-up map / 5 pt project.
Independent work:
Type a 5-question multiple-choice quiz on the map and get responses from a parent, sibling or other adult.
* Gizeh / Great Pyramids
* Temple of Amun-Ra at Luxor
* Thebes, ancient capital
* Heliopolis, religious center
* Memphis, earliest capital
* Valley of the Kings, across the Nile from Luxor.
* Abu Simbel, the sculptural monument built by Ramses II near the border with today's Sudan.
* Nubia, the region of Southern Egypt and Northern Sudan which was the "land of gold."
* Alexandria, the city founded by Alexander of Macedonia, bearer of Greek language and culture.
Thursday:
* Open notes quiz on video "Egypt: quest for immortality," the map and notes. 20 pts.
* Pop-up map / 5 pt project.
Independent work:
Type a 5-question multiple-choice quiz on the map and get responses from a parent, sibling or other adult.
Monday, April 10, 2006
The Gift of the Nile: Aegypticus
Romans gave Egypt its name. But the Nile gave it fertile land and a habitable strip in the midst of the desert sands.
- Alexandria / Alexander the Great
* the library
- Cairo / Memphis was the city in this location during the Pharaonic era.
- Giza, home of the Great Pyramids.
- Luxor, once called Thebes, was the site of the gigantic Temple of Amun-Re.
- Red Sea (which is in no way reddish)
- Saudi Arabia
- Israel / Palestine
- Sinai peninsula
- Libya
- Sudan
- the Nile, pronounced Nil (neel).
Egypt in the news -
* Gospel of Judas text found in Egypt in 1970. Announced by National Geographic this month.
- Coptic Egyptian language
- 300 AD
- found in an Egyptian cave.
* 9/11/2001: most of the attackers of the Pentagon and WTC were Egyptian-born. Osama is from Saudi Arabia, however.
Foreign aid from the US to Egypt has been deluxe. They are important allies in the Mid East regtion.
Demographics:
Most populous cities . . .
Most populous US cities . . .
- Alexandria / Alexander the Great
* the library
- Cairo / Memphis was the city in this location during the Pharaonic era.
- Giza, home of the Great Pyramids.
- Luxor, once called Thebes, was the site of the gigantic Temple of Amun-Re.
- Red Sea (which is in no way reddish)
- Saudi Arabia
- Israel / Palestine
- Sinai peninsula
- Libya
- Sudan
- the Nile, pronounced Nil (neel).
Egypt in the news -
* Gospel of Judas text found in Egypt in 1970. Announced by National Geographic this month.
- Coptic Egyptian language
- 300 AD
- found in an Egyptian cave.
* 9/11/2001: most of the attackers of the Pentagon and WTC were Egyptian-born. Osama is from Saudi Arabia, however.
Foreign aid from the US to Egypt has been deluxe. They are important allies in the Mid East regtion.
Demographics:
Most populous cities . . .
Most populous US cities . . .
Thursday, March 30, 2006
Greek drama ensues in the CMHS almost-amphitheater
The lives of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were rendered via student scripts in geography classes. The skits represented an attempt to absorb part of the Greek cultural legacy.
Today to each skit we added a commentary chanted in unison by the chorus.
Today to each skit we added a commentary chanted in unison by the chorus.
Amphitheatre Aspendos: the Greek influence on drama
Students presenting skits on the lives of great philosophers were mimicing the Greeks.
Today students made masks, as did the thespians of historic Greece. Inside the ancient masks were mega phones, to amplify the actors' voices. The Greeks were apt students of acoustics.
more vocab:
* tragedy
* comedy
* chorus
* orchestra
* skene (scene)
* mega
* micro
* macro
A classic movie of powerful stereotypes: Zorba the Greek. A modern classic: My Big Fat Greek Wedding.
Today students made masks, as did the thespians of historic Greece. Inside the ancient masks were mega phones, to amplify the actors' voices. The Greeks were apt students of acoustics.
more vocab:
* tragedy
* comedy
* chorus
* orchestra
* skene (scene)
* mega
* micro
* macro
A classic movie of powerful stereotypes: Zorba the Greek. A modern classic: My Big Fat Greek Wedding.
Wednesday, March 29, 2006
Greek philosophers of the Golden Agr, about 450 BC: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
A super-simple outline to help separate and delineate the philosophers.
Socrates:
The Socratic Method: questioning in search of wisdom. Charged with corrupting the youth and with impiety toward the gods. Accepts indictment, drinks hemlock in famous self-administtered execution.
Plato:
Socrates' student, Plato wrote down - as a dialogue - the wisdom of Socrates. He founded a school, the Academy. He believed women should have rights. In his writings about politics, he asserted that the ideal ruler was a philosopher-king.
Aristotle:
A student of Plato, Aristotle went on to found his own school, the Lyceum. He also tutored Alexander of Macedonia, later to become the conqueror called Alexander the Great. Aristotle is considered the first scientist, for his efforts to identify and order the plants and animals.
Groups of students were asked to create skits on each of these lives from notes taken from A Young Person's Guide to Philosophy.
Independent work:
Research & compare . . .
* Crete and Santorini
* Greek alphabet and the Russian alphabet
* sculpture of Eygypt versus that of Greece
Socrates:
The Socratic Method: questioning in search of wisdom. Charged with corrupting the youth and with impiety toward the gods. Accepts indictment, drinks hemlock in famous self-administtered execution.
Plato:
Socrates' student, Plato wrote down - as a dialogue - the wisdom of Socrates. He founded a school, the Academy. He believed women should have rights. In his writings about politics, he asserted that the ideal ruler was a philosopher-king.
Aristotle:
A student of Plato, Aristotle went on to found his own school, the Lyceum. He also tutored Alexander of Macedonia, later to become the conqueror called Alexander the Great. Aristotle is considered the first scientist, for his efforts to identify and order the plants and animals.
Groups of students were asked to create skits on each of these lives from notes taken from A Young Person's Guide to Philosophy.
Independent work:
Research & compare . . .
* Crete and Santorini
* Greek alphabet and the Russian alphabet
* sculpture of Eygypt versus that of Greece
Tuesday, March 28, 2006
Relief sculpture in soap in geography class / photo Ivy Assiter
Friday is the day to bring a bar of soap to geography class. Students will sculpt a relief sculpture using a heavy paper clip (supplied). The design will follow a Greek motif, such as you see above. The unusually fluent bust in this photo is by Lindsay Brown. The terracotta vessels are called amphorae.
It's a 15 pt. activity.
It's a 15 pt. activity.
Monday, March 27, 2006
Relief sculpture: a term from art and physical geography
Relief is the amount that a landform rises or sinks beneath the plain. Relief sculpture juts away from its background in the same way that a mountain forges upward from its connection with the earth.
To try a simple piece of sculpture is to really appreciate the people who practice this art in the public eye. To attempt sculpture might be to discover a hidden talent, too.
This summer I visited William Joyce's office to see the progress of his various movie projects. At one desk was a young artist sculpting a movie character from clay. The figure was about a foot high. It was a reminder that sculptors are important in entertainment and communications as well as in public art.
To try a simple piece of sculpture is to really appreciate the people who practice this art in the public eye. To attempt sculpture might be to discover a hidden talent, too.
This summer I visited William Joyce's office to see the progress of his various movie projects. At one desk was a young artist sculpting a movie character from clay. The figure was about a foot high. It was a reminder that sculptors are important in entertainment and communications as well as in public art.
First alphabet: the Greek, about the 9th century BC
The oldest Greek literary texts are the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems attributed to Homer, says World Book.
The language of prose writers such as Plato and Aristotle in philosophy, Thucydides in history, and Galen in medicine, was chiefly Ionic or Attic (around Athens)-Ionic. Attic became the standard of classical Greek.
After the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 300's B.C., people in the eastern Mediterranean spoke and wrote a simplified Attic / Greek known as koine (common dialect). The New Testament is written in koine. Greek in this form remained the common language of cultured people of all nations until sometime after the 300's A.D.
Greek has interest for students of English because many of our words are borrowed from Greek, often through Latin or one of the Romance languages. Scientific words from Greek include
astronaut,
ecology,
geography, and
psychiatry.
Words of Greek origin used in the arts include
architect,
criticism,
music, and
poetry.
Most of the alphabets of modern Europe are modeled on the Greek, which was in turn adapted from the alphabet of the Phoenicians sometime between the 1100's and 700's B.C.
* Describe the location of the Phoenicians.
The language of prose writers such as Plato and Aristotle in philosophy, Thucydides in history, and Galen in medicine, was chiefly Ionic or Attic (around Athens)-Ionic. Attic became the standard of classical Greek.
After the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 300's B.C., people in the eastern Mediterranean spoke and wrote a simplified Attic / Greek known as koine (common dialect). The New Testament is written in koine. Greek in this form remained the common language of cultured people of all nations until sometime after the 300's A.D.
Greek has interest for students of English because many of our words are borrowed from Greek, often through Latin or one of the Romance languages. Scientific words from Greek include
astronaut,
ecology,
geography, and
psychiatry.
Words of Greek origin used in the arts include
architect,
criticism,
music, and
poetry.
Most of the alphabets of modern Europe are modeled on the Greek, which was in turn adapted from the alphabet of the Phoenicians sometime between the 1100's and 700's B.C.
* Describe the location of the Phoenicians.
One of the ways we know the details of life in ancient Greece: painted terracotta vases
From the Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC:
On the shoulder, a seated woman, perhaps a goddess, is approached by four youths and eight dancing maidens; on the body, women are making woolen cloth. One of the most important responsibilities of women in ancient Greece was the preparation of wool and the weaving of cloth. Here, in the center, two women work at an upright loom. To the right, three women weigh wool. Farther to the right, four women spin wool into yarn, while between them finished cloth is being folded. The Amasis Painter is named after the potter, Amasis, who produced the vases.
On the shoulder, a seated woman, perhaps a goddess, is approached by four youths and eight dancing maidens; on the body, women are making woolen cloth. One of the most important responsibilities of women in ancient Greece was the preparation of wool and the weaving of cloth. Here, in the center, two women work at an upright loom. To the right, three women weigh wool. Farther to the right, four women spin wool into yarn, while between them finished cloth is being folded. The Amasis Painter is named after the potter, Amasis, who produced the vases.
The architectural style favored by planters & rockers: Greek temple
Named a national historic monument this week was the small southern mansion called Graceland. Which entertainer made his home here? In what city is it?
Sunday, March 26, 2006
At Olympia, on the Peloponnese, a museum of warriors, beasts, athletes and representations of the gods
Tales of griffins were eagerly reported by Herodotus and in Pliny's Natural History, says wikipedia.org. The griffin was said to build a nest, like an eagle. Instead of eggs, it laid agates. The animal was supposed to watch over gold mines and hidden treasures, and to be the enemy of the horse. The incredibly rare offspring of griffin and horse would be called a hippogriff. Griffin was consecrated to the Sun; ancient painters presented the chariot of the Sun as drawn by griffins. The griffin was a common feature of "animal style" Scythian gold; it was said to inhabit the Scythia steppes that reached from the modern Ukraine to central Asia; there gold and precious stones were abundant; and when strangers approached to gather the stones, the creatures would leap on them and tear them to pieces.
But I come not to discuss such wild things, but the ancient games of Olympia.
Large crowds gathered for religious festivals in ancient Greece, says WorldBook.com. At these festivals, athletes competed in such events as wrestling, boxing, foot and chariot races, jumping, and javelin throwing. Religious festivals also included feasts, colorful processions, and performances of plays. Several religious festivals brought together people from throughout the Greek world. The Olympic Games, the most famous of these festivals, were held every four years in honor of Zeus. Even wars halted during the Olympics. Victory in the games was the highest honor an athlete could achieve.
WorldBook on a comparison between Athens and Sparta:
Athens became the most successful democracy of ancient Greece during the 400's B.C. Every male Athenian citizen had the right to serve permanently in an assembly, which passed laws and determined government policies. The assembly also elected Athenian generals. Each year, the citizens drew lots to select a council of 500 men. This council ran the day-to-day business of government and prepared the bills that the assembly debated and voted on. Jurors were also chosen by lot.
Some wealthy Athenians disliked their system of government. They felt that the poor dominated the government and took advantage of the rich. Most Athenians, however, cherished their democracy.
Sparta was the most powerful oligarchy in ancient Greece. Citizens made up only about 10 percent of the population. Most people were serfs who farmed the land. Two kings, who inherited their thrones, headed the army. Sparta was governed by 5 officials, called ephors, and the gerousia, a council made up of 28 elders and the kings. Citizens elected ephors to one-year terms and members of the gerousia to life terms. Sparta had a citizen assembly. But citizens could not propose issues for debate in the assembly.
But I come not to discuss such wild things, but the ancient games of Olympia.
Large crowds gathered for religious festivals in ancient Greece, says WorldBook.com. At these festivals, athletes competed in such events as wrestling, boxing, foot and chariot races, jumping, and javelin throwing. Religious festivals also included feasts, colorful processions, and performances of plays. Several religious festivals brought together people from throughout the Greek world. The Olympic Games, the most famous of these festivals, were held every four years in honor of Zeus. Even wars halted during the Olympics. Victory in the games was the highest honor an athlete could achieve.
WorldBook on a comparison between Athens and Sparta:
Athens became the most successful democracy of ancient Greece during the 400's B.C. Every male Athenian citizen had the right to serve permanently in an assembly, which passed laws and determined government policies. The assembly also elected Athenian generals. Each year, the citizens drew lots to select a council of 500 men. This council ran the day-to-day business of government and prepared the bills that the assembly debated and voted on. Jurors were also chosen by lot.
Some wealthy Athenians disliked their system of government. They felt that the poor dominated the government and took advantage of the rich. Most Athenians, however, cherished their democracy.
Sparta was the most powerful oligarchy in ancient Greece. Citizens made up only about 10 percent of the population. Most people were serfs who farmed the land. Two kings, who inherited their thrones, headed the army. Sparta was governed by 5 officials, called ephors, and the gerousia, a council made up of 28 elders and the kings. Citizens elected ephors to one-year terms and members of the gerousia to life terms. Sparta had a citizen assembly. But citizens could not propose issues for debate in the assembly.
Friday, March 24, 2006
Lost Civilizations: Time-Life video on Greece: A Moment of Excellence
Lost Civilizations / Greece; a moment of excellence
Answer the questions and take notes on this sheet as you watch the program. Questions are in the order as presented by Time Life.
1)The Parthenon was largely intact until the year __, when it was blown apart by a direct hit during a war. What was being stored in the Parthenon at that time?
___.
2) In the competition between city states on the Aegean, which was one was the usual winner? __
3) What nation was the mutual enemy of all Greek communities? __
4) The filmmakers call the ancient Greeks “a people with a passion for __.”
5) The Parthenon was built at a huge cost to the people of Athens. Who was the leader who oversaw this construction? __
6) How did the government pay for the expenses of building the Parthenon?
A: Taxes on __ .
7) The Parthenon might be compared in several ways to notable buildings in Manhattan. Which building(s)?
8) About how many years were spanned in the construction of the Parthenon?
9) The great leader Pericles married the well-known beauty Aspasia. What kind of female was she? __
10) The Greeks gave us concepts and words such as philo__, pol__, geo__
and bio__.
11) Greek observations and math enabled them to calculate the celestial position of the __ and __.
12) Greek scientists gave us the idea of the smallest particle of matter, the __.
13) Hippocrates was the father of __.
14) Greeks first actuated the mechanisms of this form of government: __.
15) The American founding fathers knew the importance of classical studies. Typically, men like Washington and Jefferson had studied the languages of __ and __.
16) In Athens there was the freedom to have public debate and to let the __ rule.
17) The temple was not simply the site of quiet prayer; on the outside the priests performed bloody __.
18) In a seafaring nation such as Greece the God of the Sea was paramount. He was called __.
19) A famous bronze statue of the sea deity was taken away in a ship (one sunk by a storm) by the conquerors of Greece, the __.
20) On Mt Olympus lived the gods. An array of the gods - “across the gods” - was called a p__.
21) The most important sanctuary of the gods was not in Athens. It was a site called __.
22) At this site the people performed plays, debates and readings to honor the god __, whose temple was near by.
23) In Delphi was a figure of wisdom who would offer answers to life’s difficult questions. This source of wisdom was known as the __.
24) A __ was used as the anonymous mouth of the wise responses.
25) Answers given by this fount of wisdom were not direct and clear. They were open to interpretation, or __.
26) Also near Delphi was Mt Parnassus, where rites were undertaken by women enthralled by the god of wine, __.
27) Drama originated as a holy activity in Dionysian __ festivals.
28) The Greek actress introduced by the program is set to play a tragedy about a woman’s passion unleashed. The play is called __.
29) The group on a Greek stage that represents the common people is called the __.
30) The tragic heroine Medea kills her __.
1. 1687 2. Athens 3. Persia (today’s Iran) 4. excellence 5. Pericles / the era is called the Periclean Age 6. colonies (such as Sicily & Southern Italy) 7. WTC, Empire State Bldg. 8. 50 years 9. courtesan 10. philosophy, politics, geography, biology 11. moon, stars 12. atom 13. medicine 14. democracy 15. Greek, Latin 16. majority 17. sacrifice 18. Poseidon 19. Romans 20. pantheon
21. Delphi 22. Apollo 23. oracle 24. woman 25. ambiguous 26. Dionysus
27. religious 28. Medea 29. chorus 30. children
Relief sculpture via Soap
Fri, Mar 31, 15 pts for the Relief Sculpture activity. a) have a bar of soap (see the class web site for more info) b) attempt the sculpture c) clean up your desk and area. d) Greek design motifs.
Tues, Mar 28: open notes test on Greek studies, including textbook questions, Athenian democracy and video notes. See the web site for additional notes.
Independent work:
* Research and compare the construction of the twin towers of the World Trade Center (a fascinating story) and the Parthenon.
* Research and compare Greek dishes and ingredients with those of France or Germany.
* Other topics as approved via email.
Open notes test Tues, Mar 28, on Athenian democracy, textbook notes, Olympics, etc.
Please be able to define and/or describe these terms:
* demagogue
* ostracism
* slavery
* trial by jury
* checks and balances
* orator
* Pericles
* Socrates
* Plato
*spa
* males
* landowners
* barbarians
* empire: S Italy (Napolis), Sicily
* exile
* Sparta Vs. Athens
Sparta: militaristic, fitness oriented, majorty slave population, accomplished in music, conservative, xenophobic, little philosophy or art.
Athens: artistic, philosophy-oriented, accomplished in design, liberal, democratic.
* demagogue
* ostracism
* slavery
* trial by jury
* checks and balances
* orator
* Pericles
* Socrates
* Plato
*spa
* males
* landowners
* barbarians
* empire: S Italy (Napolis), Sicily
* exile
* Sparta Vs. Athens
Sparta: militaristic, fitness oriented, majorty slave population, accomplished in music, conservative, xenophobic, little philosophy or art.
Athens: artistic, philosophy-oriented, accomplished in design, liberal, democratic.
Thursday, March 23, 2006
Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Socrates
Condemned to death or exile by the Athenian government for his teaching methods, which aroused scepticism and impiety in his students, Socrates heroicly rejected exile and accepted death from hemlock.
This depiction of the thinker's death is by Jacques-Louis David, a French artist of the late 1700's.
Socrates had helped defend Athens in the wars against Sparta. In the wake of the city's defeat the leaders felt anyone who didn't reflect positively on Athena was threatening the community. Rather than escape his sentence by choosing exile, Socrates accepted the verdict
This depiction of the thinker's death is by Jacques-Louis David, a French artist of the late 1700's.
Socrates had helped defend Athens in the wars against Sparta. In the wake of the city's defeat the leaders felt anyone who didn't reflect positively on Athena was threatening the community. Rather than escape his sentence by choosing exile, Socrates accepted the verdict
Making a relief sculpture via soap carving, Fri, Mar 31
Buy an extra bar of soap and plan to use it in a sculpture to be carved in geo class Fri, Mar 31. The only way to really understand the ancient art of relief sculpting is to try it oneself.
Greek motifs will be our subject: letters from the Greek alphabet, temple facades and even philosophers' faces. The soap (Ivory is recommmended because it is soft and forgiving but any brand or color will be fine) will be sculpted with large paper clip wire, which I will supply.
15 pts. for bringing the soap, participating in the exercise, and for cleaning up your area afterwards.
Greek motifs will be our subject: letters from the Greek alphabet, temple facades and even philosophers' faces. The soap (Ivory is recommmended because it is soft and forgiving but any brand or color will be fine) will be sculpted with large paper clip wire, which I will supply.
15 pts. for bringing the soap, participating in the exercise, and for cleaning up your area afterwards.
Tuesday, March 21, 2006
Birth of democracy: view of the Agora from Pnyx, the hillside where the Athenian Assembly met
The handout called Athenian Democracy begins with Orators and Demagogues and lists the qualifications needed to participate in the deliberations of the Assembly. Excluded were women, Greeks from the colonies (such as Napolis), slaves (33% of the population, acc. to the Doerling-Kinserly book Ancient Greece) and non-Greeks, known as barbarians.
Checks and balances: ostracism, rotated duties ("term limits"), freedom of speech, playwrights' presentations and the work of philosophers.
Curiously, the Greeks of 500 BC developed a system of Trial by Jury.
On the subject of women's roles, please note the term courtesan. These women held high status in ancient Greece.
A courtesan is a person paid and/or supported for the giving of social companionship and intimate liaisons to one or more partners. The word is generally reserved for those who enjoyed the highest social status for such services, says wikipedia.org.
Whether the role of courtesans should be romanticized or scorned is a matter of dispute. On the positive side, they had freedoms that were extremely rare for other women at the time. They were not only financially comfortable (when business was good), but financially independent, with control of their own resources rather than dependency on male relatives. They were very well-educated, compared even to upper-class women, and often held simultaneous careers as performers and artists. On the negative side, courtesans were, as a means of survival, dependent on upper-class "protectors" to provide them with shelter and support. They were required to provide charming companionship for extended periods, no matter what their own feelings might be at the time. They were also, because of the sexual aspects of their profession, subject to lower social status and religious disapproval.
Baklava, biscotti, pasta and sauce: thanks and congrats to the generous chefs who've added tastes of the Mediterranean to recent classes. Among them: Suparsh Tanga, Ashley Hazel, Kaitlyn Kehoe, Raciel Pintado, Matthew Geeen, Martin Marak, Meaghan Connor.
What is the agora? The forum of a Greek city.
From answers.com:
agora (ăg'ərə) [Gr.,=market], in ancient Greece, the public square or marketplace of a city. In early Greek history the agora was primarily used as a place for public assembly; later it functioned mainly as a center of commerce. Usually in a readily accessible part of the city, it was often surrounded by the public buildings, such as the royal palace, the law courts, the assembly house, and the jail. A favorite architectural device was the colonnade surrounding the agora. One of the highest honors was to be granted a tomb in the agora. The agora was similar to the Roman forum.
Do you relate to the syndrome called agoraphobia?
Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place.
Checks and balances: ostracism, rotated duties ("term limits"), freedom of speech, playwrights' presentations and the work of philosophers.
Curiously, the Greeks of 500 BC developed a system of Trial by Jury.
On the subject of women's roles, please note the term courtesan. These women held high status in ancient Greece.
A courtesan is a person paid and/or supported for the giving of social companionship and intimate liaisons to one or more partners. The word is generally reserved for those who enjoyed the highest social status for such services, says wikipedia.org.
Whether the role of courtesans should be romanticized or scorned is a matter of dispute. On the positive side, they had freedoms that were extremely rare for other women at the time. They were not only financially comfortable (when business was good), but financially independent, with control of their own resources rather than dependency on male relatives. They were very well-educated, compared even to upper-class women, and often held simultaneous careers as performers and artists. On the negative side, courtesans were, as a means of survival, dependent on upper-class "protectors" to provide them with shelter and support. They were required to provide charming companionship for extended periods, no matter what their own feelings might be at the time. They were also, because of the sexual aspects of their profession, subject to lower social status and religious disapproval.
Baklava, biscotti, pasta and sauce: thanks and congrats to the generous chefs who've added tastes of the Mediterranean to recent classes. Among them: Suparsh Tanga, Ashley Hazel, Kaitlyn Kehoe, Raciel Pintado, Matthew Geeen, Martin Marak, Meaghan Connor.
What is the agora? The forum of a Greek city.
From answers.com:
agora (ăg'ərə) [Gr.,=market], in ancient Greece, the public square or marketplace of a city. In early Greek history the agora was primarily used as a place for public assembly; later it functioned mainly as a center of commerce. Usually in a readily accessible part of the city, it was often surrounded by the public buildings, such as the royal palace, the law courts, the assembly house, and the jail. A favorite architectural device was the colonnade surrounding the agora. One of the highest honors was to be granted a tomb in the agora. The agora was similar to the Roman forum.
Do you relate to the syndrome called agoraphobia?
Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place.
Friday, March 17, 2006
Irish independence from the British, aka Home Rule, 1921
Erin go bragh! That's Gaelic for "Ireland forever."
There was no Gandhi in the bloody Irish struggle for Home Rule. But, like the people of India, the Irish had long been treated miserably by the British. Fighting against the English troops was most intense between 1916 and 1921.
In 1921 the Irish won their freedom.
There was no Gandhi in the bloody Irish struggle for Home Rule. But, like the people of India, the Irish had long been treated miserably by the British. Fighting against the English troops was most intense between 1916 and 1921.
In 1921 the Irish won their freedom.
Thursday, March 16, 2006
Hand-sketched map quiz Fr, Mar 17: Italy, Greece & neighbors
Please sketch the borders (up to 5 pts.) and the neighbors and cities and bodies of water surrounding Italy and Greece. Touch 3 continents in your map. (15)
Total 20 pts.
Fr, Mar 17.
Vocab -
* biscotti
* How was the wealth of Athens and Sparta and the practice of democracy in Athens developed? slave labor.
* Hebrew & Aramaic are the languages of the scriptures. Much of the writings, however, are found only in Greek. Why?
Total 20 pts.
Fr, Mar 17.
Vocab -
* biscotti
* How was the wealth of Athens and Sparta and the practice of democracy in Athens developed? slave labor.
* Hebrew & Aramaic are the languages of the scriptures. Much of the writings, however, are found only in Greek. Why?
The Celtic cross, lyre and bundle of grapes; comparing profiles of Ireland, Greeece and Italy
Comparing Greece to Italy and Ireland via Infoplease.com
1) All are democracies.
2) All have a high literacy rate.
3) Ireland has about half the area of Greece which has almost half the area of Italy.
4) Eire has about half the population of Greece. Italy has 6 times more people than Greece.
5) All have high life expectancies; about 76 years.
6) Rome & Athens have a similar population at about 3 million. Dublin has only a third of their pop.
7) Greece has the lowest PCI at $21000. Ireland and Italy are similarly well off at $32000 and $28000.
8) Internet access: Italian surfers diminate, at 18.5 M. Way behind them are the Greeks and Irish, with under 2 M each.
9) Today all are members of the European Union (EU). Once their currencies included lira, drachma and pounds.
1) All are democracies.
2) All have a high literacy rate.
3) Ireland has about half the area of Greece which has almost half the area of Italy.
4) Eire has about half the population of Greece. Italy has 6 times more people than Greece.
5) All have high life expectancies; about 76 years.
6) Rome & Athens have a similar population at about 3 million. Dublin has only a third of their pop.
7) Greece has the lowest PCI at $21000. Ireland and Italy are similarly well off at $32000 and $28000.
8) Internet access: Italian surfers diminate, at 18.5 M. Way behind them are the Greeks and Irish, with under 2 M each.
9) Today all are members of the European Union (EU). Once their currencies included lira, drachma and pounds.
Wednesday, March 15, 2006
Biscotti on Mar 19: the Italian celebration of a St Joseph's altar
A Sicilan legend says that during a terrible drought the common people of the rocky island had only fava beans to eat. They appealed to St Joseph and the rains came. In thankfulness they built an altar of food - and welcomed the community to eat.
New Orleans Sicilians are well known for carrying on the tradition. In S'port, according to The Times, you can observe the celebration at St Joseph, St Pius X and Mary, Queen of Peace churches.
Biscotti are hard bread slices - baked with nuts or fruit or seeds - to be eaten on an espresso break.
New Orleans Sicilians are well known for carrying on the tradition. In S'port, according to The Times, you can observe the celebration at St Joseph, St Pius X and Mary, Queen of Peace churches.
Biscotti are hard bread slices - baked with nuts or fruit or seeds - to be eaten on an espresso break.
What's the difference between the home of the athletes, Olympia, and the home of the gods, Mt Olympus?
Mt. Olympus is on the Greek mainland. See it in your atlas. Olympia, the site of temples and stadiums used every 4 years - quadrennially - was on the Peloponnesus. See the ruins of Olympia in a web search.
Sparta Vs. Athens. The mighty city-state of Sparta, too, was on the Peloponnese.
The Ides of March is the famous day(s) of the assassination of Julius Caesar. He was murdered by a group of Senators in a notable use of the pre-emptive strike. He had not done anything to warrant assassination, but his attackers thought that he probably Would wrongly take power one day in the future.
Look at pre-emptive strikes in war, such as the US invasion of Iraq. Israel has also used the pre-emptive strike in Mid Eastern strategy.
But what do we do about the nuclear threat coming from the president of Iran? Does it seem another pre-emptive opportunity to the Bush-Cheney-Wolfowitz team?
The Greek key: a reticulated design used in friezes and other borders and characteristic of Greek pattern.
Sparta Vs. Athens. The mighty city-state of Sparta, too, was on the Peloponnese.
The Ides of March is the famous day(s) of the assassination of Julius Caesar. He was murdered by a group of Senators in a notable use of the pre-emptive strike. He had not done anything to warrant assassination, but his attackers thought that he probably Would wrongly take power one day in the future.
Look at pre-emptive strikes in war, such as the US invasion of Iraq. Israel has also used the pre-emptive strike in Mid Eastern strategy.
But what do we do about the nuclear threat coming from the president of Iran? Does it seem another pre-emptive opportunity to the Bush-Cheney-Wolfowitz team?
The Greek key: a reticulated design used in friezes and other borders and characteristic of Greek pattern.
Tuesday, March 14, 2006
Paper Parthenon Project: 15 pts; due Th, Mar 16
On one sheet in your notebook-
1) Cut out a triangular paper roof support: a pediment. Decorate the pediment with a representation of battle scenes in the relief sculpture. Also make a smaller pediment to represent the rear of the building.
2) Cut and roll and glue the tiny paper columns; make at least 6.
3) Make a long, narrow rectangular piece to represent the frieze, the border along the edge of the roof.
4) Cut and fold a long, rectangular piece to represent the porch - or step - of the temple. Rituals were performed on the steps, acc to A History of the World.
5) Add a sketch of the 60-foot statue of Athena Parthenos (virgin), aka Pallas Athena. See more below.
6) Colorful hand-sketched map of the Aegean region, from Sparta - on the Peoloponnesus peninsula - to Athens, to Asia Minor to Crete, in the Mediterranean.
7) Sketch of the acropolis. Include the tiny temple of Athena Nike as well as the Parthenon. On the hillside of the acropolis is the Roman Amphitheater.
8) On the back: a 5-question, multiple-choice quiz based on the material on your project. A couple of easy ones, a couple of challenging questions. Please add the answers at the bottom of the page.
15 pts. / Thursday.
Athena was a deity of diverse functions and attributes, says Answers.com. Her most conspicuous role was perhaps that of a goddess of war, the female counterpart of Ares. However, she was also a goddess of peace, noted for her compassion and generosity. Like Minerva, with whom the Romans identified her, she was a patron of the arts and crafts, especially spinning and weaving. In later times she was important as a goddess of wisdom.
Athena was also a guardian of cities, notably Athens, where the Parthenon was erected as her temple. In a contest with Poseidon concerning dominion over Attica, Athena made an olive tree grow on the Acropolis while Poseidon caused a saltwater stream to gush from the Acropolis. The other Olympians, asked to judge the contest, decided in favor of Athena.
Her statue, the Palladium, was supposed to protect the city that possessed it. It was said that because she accidentally killed Pallas, she set the name Pallas before her own. Although a virgin goddess, she was concerned with fertility, and at Athens and Elis her worship was notably maternal. Athena is represented in art as a stately figure, armored, and wielding the aegis.
1) Cut out a triangular paper roof support: a pediment. Decorate the pediment with a representation of battle scenes in the relief sculpture. Also make a smaller pediment to represent the rear of the building.
2) Cut and roll and glue the tiny paper columns; make at least 6.
3) Make a long, narrow rectangular piece to represent the frieze, the border along the edge of the roof.
4) Cut and fold a long, rectangular piece to represent the porch - or step - of the temple. Rituals were performed on the steps, acc to A History of the World.
5) Add a sketch of the 60-foot statue of Athena Parthenos (virgin), aka Pallas Athena. See more below.
6) Colorful hand-sketched map of the Aegean region, from Sparta - on the Peoloponnesus peninsula - to Athens, to Asia Minor to Crete, in the Mediterranean.
7) Sketch of the acropolis. Include the tiny temple of Athena Nike as well as the Parthenon. On the hillside of the acropolis is the Roman Amphitheater.
8) On the back: a 5-question, multiple-choice quiz based on the material on your project. A couple of easy ones, a couple of challenging questions. Please add the answers at the bottom of the page.
15 pts. / Thursday.
Athena was a deity of diverse functions and attributes, says Answers.com. Her most conspicuous role was perhaps that of a goddess of war, the female counterpart of Ares. However, she was also a goddess of peace, noted for her compassion and generosity. Like Minerva, with whom the Romans identified her, she was a patron of the arts and crafts, especially spinning and weaving. In later times she was important as a goddess of wisdom.
Athena was also a guardian of cities, notably Athens, where the Parthenon was erected as her temple. In a contest with Poseidon concerning dominion over Attica, Athena made an olive tree grow on the Acropolis while Poseidon caused a saltwater stream to gush from the Acropolis. The other Olympians, asked to judge the contest, decided in favor of Athena.
Her statue, the Palladium, was supposed to protect the city that possessed it. It was said that because she accidentally killed Pallas, she set the name Pallas before her own. Although a virgin goddess, she was concerned with fertility, and at Athens and Elis her worship was notably maternal. Athena is represented in art as a stately figure, armored, and wielding the aegis.
Friday, March 10, 2006
Italy-Greece quiz and notes toward the quiz Tues, Mar 14
1. The capital of Sicily?
2. An island that bridges the continents of Europe and Africa?
3. North African nation that lies closest to Italy?
4. Roman name for Hellas?
5. Sea that separates Greece and Asia Minor?
6. The mare nostrum is what the Romans called this sea: "Our sea!" They owned the lands all round its rim. The sea?
7. Which was the earlier high culture? Greece or Rome?
8. In a city laid out by the Roman plan there was an open square around which were the markets, public buildings and temples of the city center. The name for this rectangular meeting area?
9. In many ways Roman society was determinedly moral and ethical. In one area of public life we see, however, a wild variation from moral balance. In what activity or area was this?
10. The sea that lies between Italy and Slovenia, between Italy and Albania & Greece?
11. Type of Greek column that is most elaborate and most favored by the Romans?
12. City named for a powerful female in the pre-Christian era?
13. Roman god of war?
14. Narrow neck of land connecting larger bodies of land, such as at Corinth, Greece?
15. Phoenicia: was it today's lebanon and Israel or Libya?
16. Which of these statements is true? a) Celts were Gauls. b) Gauls were Celts..
17. At its peak of empire Rome’s population was about a) 50,000
b) 500,000 c) 1 million.
18. Citizen of Rome was a title that conferred civil privileges. Only residents of Rome, however, could obtain that title. T / F
19. The Romans developed a) iron b) steel c) marble d) concrete.
20. The Roman villa was built around an unroofed, open center called an
a) atrium b) garden c) arbor d) pedestal.
1. Palermo
2. Sicily
3. Tunisia
4. Graecia (Greece)
5. Aegean
6. Mediterranean
7. Greek
8. forum
9. colosseum battles; gladiatorial contests
10. Adriatic
11. Corinthian
12. Athens / Athena
13. Mars / see March
14. isthmus
15. Lebanon
16. b
17. c) 1 million
18. F
19. d) concrete
20. a/ atrium
David Macaulay on how we might see the savage entertainment of Roman colosseums:
a) ritual killing as a way of maintaining order.
b) product of a militaristic society.
c) accomodation of death & dying.
Greek cooking
* baklava: 15 pts. when made by student and parent.
* moussaka
* dolmades
* tzatziki sauce
* hummus
* pita bread
* herbed fried potatos
* gyros
* pannini
Opa!
Write about what you learn about Greece by eating at Yeero-Yeero and/ or Athenian Delights.
2. An island that bridges the continents of Europe and Africa?
3. North African nation that lies closest to Italy?
4. Roman name for Hellas?
5. Sea that separates Greece and Asia Minor?
6. The mare nostrum is what the Romans called this sea: "Our sea!" They owned the lands all round its rim. The sea?
7. Which was the earlier high culture? Greece or Rome?
8. In a city laid out by the Roman plan there was an open square around which were the markets, public buildings and temples of the city center. The name for this rectangular meeting area?
9. In many ways Roman society was determinedly moral and ethical. In one area of public life we see, however, a wild variation from moral balance. In what activity or area was this?
10. The sea that lies between Italy and Slovenia, between Italy and Albania & Greece?
11. Type of Greek column that is most elaborate and most favored by the Romans?
12. City named for a powerful female in the pre-Christian era?
13. Roman god of war?
14. Narrow neck of land connecting larger bodies of land, such as at Corinth, Greece?
15. Phoenicia: was it today's lebanon and Israel or Libya?
16. Which of these statements is true? a) Celts were Gauls. b) Gauls were Celts..
17. At its peak of empire Rome’s population was about a) 50,000
b) 500,000 c) 1 million.
18. Citizen of Rome was a title that conferred civil privileges. Only residents of Rome, however, could obtain that title. T / F
19. The Romans developed a) iron b) steel c) marble d) concrete.
20. The Roman villa was built around an unroofed, open center called an
a) atrium b) garden c) arbor d) pedestal.
1. Palermo
2. Sicily
3. Tunisia
4. Graecia (Greece)
5. Aegean
6. Mediterranean
7. Greek
8. forum
9. colosseum battles; gladiatorial contests
10. Adriatic
11. Corinthian
12. Athens / Athena
13. Mars / see March
14. isthmus
15. Lebanon
16. b
17. c) 1 million
18. F
19. d) concrete
20. a/ atrium
David Macaulay on how we might see the savage entertainment of Roman colosseums:
a) ritual killing as a way of maintaining order.
b) product of a militaristic society.
c) accomodation of death & dying.
Greek cooking
* baklava: 15 pts. when made by student and parent.
* moussaka
* dolmades
* tzatziki sauce
* hummus
* pita bread
* herbed fried potatos
* gyros
* pannini
Opa!
Write about what you learn about Greece by eating at Yeero-Yeero and/ or Athenian Delights.
Thursday, March 09, 2006
The Italians and the Greeks: proximate but distant, nonetheless
Today's notes on L'Italia -
Guglielmo Marconi, inventor of wireless telegraphy, about 1900. Marconi was from Bologna.
Frank Sinatra (1915 - 1998), a singer & actor, was from a Sicilian immigrant family. He was raised in Hoboken, NJ.
Map 1:
Sketch a map which shows the steamship journey of the Italian immigrant from Palermo to Ellis Island and thence to the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Between the 1890's and 1920's miilions of Italians from Sicily and the south arrived in the US.
Typical Italian-American occupations: dishwasher, ditch digger, seamstress. Italians were shunted into the worst housing and jobs across America. Their stereotype was not nice: they were supposedly oily, ineducable and prone to felonies. Indeed, some Sicilians brought organized crime with them in the Mafia, aka la cosa nostra ("our thing").
In Shreveport Stan's records was founded by Stanley Lewis, an Italian-American who rose from poverty to become a millionaire in the jukebox and record sales business. In partnership with Chess records, Chicago, he produced regional blues, gospel and rock records. His biggest hits were "Suzie Q," and "Judy in Disguise." (Dale Hawkins and John Fred & the Playboys)
Map 2:
Sketch a version of the map of Italy and Greece.
Which one preceded the other and had the earlier high culture?
Guglielmo Marconi, inventor of wireless telegraphy, about 1900. Marconi was from Bologna.
Frank Sinatra (1915 - 1998), a singer & actor, was from a Sicilian immigrant family. He was raised in Hoboken, NJ.
Map 1:
Sketch a map which shows the steamship journey of the Italian immigrant from Palermo to Ellis Island and thence to the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Between the 1890's and 1920's miilions of Italians from Sicily and the south arrived in the US.
Typical Italian-American occupations: dishwasher, ditch digger, seamstress. Italians were shunted into the worst housing and jobs across America. Their stereotype was not nice: they were supposedly oily, ineducable and prone to felonies. Indeed, some Sicilians brought organized crime with them in the Mafia, aka la cosa nostra ("our thing").
In Shreveport Stan's records was founded by Stanley Lewis, an Italian-American who rose from poverty to become a millionaire in the jukebox and record sales business. In partnership with Chess records, Chicago, he produced regional blues, gospel and rock records. His biggest hits were "Suzie Q," and "Judy in Disguise." (Dale Hawkins and John Fred & the Playboys)
Map 2:
Sketch a version of the map of Italy and Greece.
Which one preceded the other and had the earlier high culture?
Wednesday, March 08, 2006
Worldbookonline.com: Louisiana pays for a statewide subscription; please use it!
From this point on, I will expect all official geography class research to include a visit to worldbookonline.com as well as a citation in your sources.
There are several reasons why:
a) World Book is one of the best possible academic sources.
b) It is paid for by a state subscription.
Wikipedia.org is a terrific site in many ways. But it is a site written by enthusiasts. It does not reach the academic standards set by Worldbook.
Here are your codes:
At school use -
ID#: caddo
password: parish
At home use -
User name: louisiana
password: highschool
Tech support: 1-888-873-4900.
There are several reasons why:
a) World Book is one of the best possible academic sources.
b) It is paid for by a state subscription.
Wikipedia.org is a terrific site in many ways. But it is a site written by enthusiasts. It does not reach the academic standards set by Worldbook.
Here are your codes:
At school use -
ID#: caddo
password: parish
At home use -
User name: louisiana
password: highschool
Tech support: 1-888-873-4900.
Rest in peace: photographer-filmmaker Gordon Parks, age 93 / Chester Higgins, jr
Gordon Parks, a Master of the Camera, Dies at 93
By ANDY GRUNDBERG, NYTimes
Gordon Parks, the photographer, filmmaker, writer and composer who used his prodigious, largely self-taught talents to chronicle the African-American experience and to retell his own personal history, died yesterday at his home in Manhattan. He was 93.
Gordon Parks was the first African-American to work as a staff photographer for Life magazine and the first black artist to produce and direct a major Hollywood film, "The Learning Tree," in 1969.
He developed a large following as a photographer for Life for more than 20 years, and by the time he was 50 he ranked among the most influential image makers of the postwar years. In the 1960's he began to write memoirs, novels, poems and screenplays, which led him to directing films. In addition to "The Learning Tree," he directed the popular action films "Shaft" and "Shaft's Big Score!" In 1970 he helped found Essence magazine and was its editorial director from 1970 to 1973.
Mr. Parks's years as a contributor to Life, the largest-circulation picture magazine of its day, lasted from 1948 to 1972, and it cemented his reputation as a humanitarian photojournalist and as an artist with an eye for elegance. He specialized in subjects relating to racism, poverty and black urban life, but he also took exemplary pictures of Paris fashions, celebrities and politicians.
"I still don't know exactly who I am," Mr. Parks wrote in his 1979 memoir, "To Smile in Autumn." He added, "I've disappeared into myself so many different ways that I don't know who 'me' is."
Much of his literary energy was channeled into memoirs, in which he mined incidents from his adolescence and early career in an effort to find deeper meaning in them. His talent for telling vivid stories was used to good effect in "The Learning Tree," which he wrote first as a novel and later converted into a screenplay. This was a coming-of-age story about a young black man whose childhood plainly resembled the author's. It was well received when it was published in 1963 and again in 1969, when Warner Brothers released the film version. Mr. Parks wrote, produced and directed the film and wrote the music for its soundtrack. He was also the cinematographer.
"Gordon Parks was like the Jackie Robinson of film," Donald Faulkner, the director of the New York State Writers Institute, once said. "He broke ground for a lot of people — Spike Lee, John Singleton."
Mr. Parks credited his first awareness of the power of the photographic image to the pictures taken by his predecessors at the Farm Security Administration, including Jack Delano, Dorothea Lange, Arthur Rothstein and Ben Shahn. He first saw their photographs of migrant workers in a magazine he picked up while working as a waiter in a railroad car. "I saw that the camera could be a weapon against poverty, against racism, against all sorts of social wrongs," he told an interviewer in 1999. "I knew at that point I had to have a camera."
See more in the NYTImes article.
By ANDY GRUNDBERG, NYTimes
Gordon Parks, the photographer, filmmaker, writer and composer who used his prodigious, largely self-taught talents to chronicle the African-American experience and to retell his own personal history, died yesterday at his home in Manhattan. He was 93.
Gordon Parks was the first African-American to work as a staff photographer for Life magazine and the first black artist to produce and direct a major Hollywood film, "The Learning Tree," in 1969.
He developed a large following as a photographer for Life for more than 20 years, and by the time he was 50 he ranked among the most influential image makers of the postwar years. In the 1960's he began to write memoirs, novels, poems and screenplays, which led him to directing films. In addition to "The Learning Tree," he directed the popular action films "Shaft" and "Shaft's Big Score!" In 1970 he helped found Essence magazine and was its editorial director from 1970 to 1973.
Mr. Parks's years as a contributor to Life, the largest-circulation picture magazine of its day, lasted from 1948 to 1972, and it cemented his reputation as a humanitarian photojournalist and as an artist with an eye for elegance. He specialized in subjects relating to racism, poverty and black urban life, but he also took exemplary pictures of Paris fashions, celebrities and politicians.
"I still don't know exactly who I am," Mr. Parks wrote in his 1979 memoir, "To Smile in Autumn." He added, "I've disappeared into myself so many different ways that I don't know who 'me' is."
Much of his literary energy was channeled into memoirs, in which he mined incidents from his adolescence and early career in an effort to find deeper meaning in them. His talent for telling vivid stories was used to good effect in "The Learning Tree," which he wrote first as a novel and later converted into a screenplay. This was a coming-of-age story about a young black man whose childhood plainly resembled the author's. It was well received when it was published in 1963 and again in 1969, when Warner Brothers released the film version. Mr. Parks wrote, produced and directed the film and wrote the music for its soundtrack. He was also the cinematographer.
"Gordon Parks was like the Jackie Robinson of film," Donald Faulkner, the director of the New York State Writers Institute, once said. "He broke ground for a lot of people — Spike Lee, John Singleton."
Mr. Parks credited his first awareness of the power of the photographic image to the pictures taken by his predecessors at the Farm Security Administration, including Jack Delano, Dorothea Lange, Arthur Rothstein and Ben Shahn. He first saw their photographs of migrant workers in a magazine he picked up while working as a waiter in a railroad car. "I saw that the camera could be a weapon against poverty, against racism, against all sorts of social wrongs," he told an interviewer in 1999. "I knew at that point I had to have a camera."
See more in the NYTImes article.
Tuesday, March 07, 2006
Update on presentation guidelines in geography class
Powerpoint-type presentations must follw these guidelines to maximize your academic credit:
* Please use worldbookonline.com in all papers and presentations. The state of Louisiana has paid for a subscription to this excellent source. It presents a balance to the free sites such as the participant-written wikipedia.org.
* Do not make a presentation without having notes - the script - from which to read.
* No more than 3 phrases on the screen along with the image! You must be required to simplify and edit the on-screen material.
* Always base your presentation on 2 topics and present it in comparison essay style.
* Include a relevant map.
* Don't forget the basics: titling, spelling, grammar, logic, multiple sources.
* Please use worldbookonline.com in all papers and presentations. The state of Louisiana has paid for a subscription to this excellent source. It presents a balance to the free sites such as the participant-written wikipedia.org.
* Do not make a presentation without having notes - the script - from which to read.
* No more than 3 phrases on the screen along with the image! You must be required to simplify and edit the on-screen material.
* Always base your presentation on 2 topics and present it in comparison essay style.
* Include a relevant map.
* Don't forget the basics: titling, spelling, grammar, logic, multiple sources.
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