Sunday, December 09, 2007
Judaism exam review
Open notes / geography / Trudeau / Judaism and the Middle East
1) If Christianity has about 2 billion followers worldwide and Islamic faithful are estimated at some 1.3 billion, what is the Jewish population? a) 15 million b) 33 million c) 100 million d) 150 million.
2) Christianity and Islam both developed from Judaism. T / F
3) The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible are the Torah. The Hebrew Bible is what Christians call the a) New Testament b) Old Testament c) Torah d) Qur’an.
4) Judaism, Christianity and Islam have numerous items in common. One of their basic commonalities is a) monotheism b) polytheism c) atheism d) pantheism.
5) Both Judaism and Islam look to __ as their founder. a) Isaac b) Ishmael
c) Moses d) Abraham.
6) The most conservative and old-fashioned sect of Judaism - they always wear the yarmulke, pray 3 times a day and observe kosher - are the a) Orthodox b) Conservative c) Reformed.
7) This group of Jews believe in the moral and ethical teachings of Judaism but do not adhere to the ritual practices such as kosher, prayer and attendance at synagogue: a) Orthodox b) Conservative c) Reformed.
8) The Jewish sabbath is basically a) Friday b) Saturday c) Sunday d) Wednesday.
9) On the feast of Rosh Hashanah Jews fast and express regret for the sins of the past year. T / F
10) Passover celebrates the exodus of Jews from __. a) Israel b) Lebanon c) Egypt d) Roman Empire.
11) Jews believe that the moral laws were given to their representative, Moses, on a mountain in the __ peninsula. a) Sinai b) Arabian c) Korean.
12) Tel Aviv has a metropolitan population of about __ million. a) 2 b) 4 c) 5.
13) The population density of Louisiana as compared to Israel is much, much
a) higher b) lower c) the samer d) calmer e) saner f) at risk.
14) The predominant languages of Israel: a) Hebrew, Arabic b) Hebrew, English.
15) Which has the larger population, Israel or Lebanon? a) Israel b) Lebanon
c) neither d) Madagascar.
16) The lower half of Israel is composed of a) desert b) numerous ancient towns
c) resort developments.
17) The __ __ is disputed between Israel and its Arab neighbors and refugees. a) Sinai Peninsula b) Lebanese border c) West Bank d) Jordan River.
18) Jerusalem is part of the West bank area. T / F
19) The capital of Israel: a) Tel Aviv-Yafo b) Jerusalem c) Beirut.
20) Israel has beaches on the Mediterranean and the Red Sea/Gulf of Aqaba. T / F
Answers Judaism & Middle East
1. a 15M 2. T 3. b) 4. a) 5. d) 6. a) 7. c) 8. b) 9. T 10. c) 11. a) 12. a)
13. b) 14. a) 15. a) 16. a) 17. c) 18. T 19. b) 20. T
Arabia and Islam review 1 احياء ليلة القدر في القدس
Arabia & Islam: Open notes test
1. The term “Middle East” is relative. More appropriate is the term a) Mid East b) Middle Eastern c) Southwest Asia.
2. The chief resource of this region is a stuff that the Romans would have called “rock oil,” or “oil from the rocks.” The modern equivalent to that term is a) gasoline b) petroleum c) crude oil d) motor oil.
3. Men and animals can survive the desert because there are oases where water and shade are available. Underneath the desert sands where an oasis exists you will find . . . a) desalination facility b) pumps c) aquifer d) water tanks.
4. The Muslim month of fasting is called a) hajj b) Ramadan c) zakat.
5. Fasting takes place from a) midnight to morn b) dawn to dusk c) 30 days d) breakfast to supper.
6. There are about a) 1 billion b) 6 billion c) 10 gigabytes d) a google of Muslims worldwide, according to the Time Almanac.
7. The only non-Muslim nation in SW Asia is a) Israel b) Egypt c) Kuwait d) Lebanon.
8. Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia are also Muslim nations. T / F
9. Morocco, Algeria and Libya are Muslim nations. T / F
10. As a young trader Muhammad the prophet journeyed to a) Jerusalem b) Cairo c) Damascus d) Paris and became acquainted with the practices of Christians and Jews.
11. Muhammad’s revelations in the desert resulted in his recitation of the verses of the book called the a) Koran b) Torah c) Bible.
12. The leaders of Mecca opposed Muhammad’s teachings. He was preaching the doctrine of one god, or a) polytheism b) monotheism c) onegodism d) predestination and they had traditionally supported multiple gods.
13. Muslims belong to one sect, the Sunni, as opposed to Christians, who are divided between Protestants and Catholics.
T / F
14. Muslims are commanded not to consume two substances: ___, ____.
15. In the heart of the Great Mosque you will find a square stone building called the ___. Set into one corner of this structure is the sacred __ __.
16. The pilgrimage to Mecca is called the __. The commandment to make the pilgrimage once in your life is part of the ___ ___ ___ ___.
17. The Islamic calendar begins with Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina. The flight is known as the __.
18. Essential to the practice of Islam is extending care to the needy. The traditional term for this is ___ ___.
19. The Islamic calendar is based on the phases of the ___; the Christian calendar is based on the movement of the ___.
20. The principal European nation occupied by Muslims was ___.
21. Europeans were technologically a) enriched b) impoverished by the influence of the Muslims in the late Medieval period.
22. In Louisiana we can see the influence of Muslim architecture as brought to the state by the colonial leaders from the nation of ___. The courtyards, fountains and balconies of the neighborhood known as the ___ ___ are examples of Muslim style.
23. Today the US is struggling with a strong anti-American spirit among Muslims across the world. One factor that aids their negative spirit is the Islamic mass media. An example: the __ ___ TV network is very influential in SW Asia.
24. Osama bin Laden was born and raised in the nation of __. Saddam Hussein was born and raised in __.
25. The 9-11 attacks were planned by a radical Muslim group known as __ ___. This group’s headquarters and training facilities were in the nation of ___.
26. Jihad is an Arabic word that means “Holy __.”
Answers to the Open notes quizzim ...
1. S W Asia
2. petroleum
3. aquifers
4. Ramadan
5. dawn, or sunrise / dusk, or sunset
6. 1 billion or 1.5 billion
7. Israel
8. T
9. T
10. Palestine, or Israel
11. Quaran, or Koran
12. monotheism / polytheism
13. F
14. alcohol / pork
15. Kaaba / Black stone
16. Hajj / 5 Pillars of Islam
17. Hejira
18. alms giving, or Zakat
19. moon / sun
20. Spain
21. a) enriched
22. Spain / French Quarter
23. al Jazeera
24. Saudi Arabia / Iraq
25. al qaeda / Afghanistan
26. War
Place upon a hand-sketched map ...
1. Mediterranean
2. Lebanon
3. Syria
4. Jordan
5. Egypt
6. Sinai Peninsula
7. West Bank
8. Jerusalem
9. Bethlehem
10. Dead Sea
11. R. Jordan
12. Sea of Galilee
13. Nazareth
14. Tel Aviv
15. Gaza
16. Church of the Holy Sepulchre
17. Christian quarter
18. Via Dolorosa
19. Arab or Muslim Quarter
20. Dome of the Rock
21. Wailing Wall, or Western Wall
22. Jewish Quarter
India Quiz I exam review
India review 1
1. Hindi greeting: a) Namaste’ b) Ni hau c) Moshimoshi d) Salaam aleikum e) Shalom f) Yo.
2. Hindi is the culture and religion, Hindu is the language. T / F
3. According to the RMQRWA, India’s population is about a) 990 million b) 1.3 billion c) 2.5 billion d) 3 billion.
4. People who study populations and make predictions about population changes: a) anthropologists b) demographers c) historians d) graphologists.
5. Civilization in Central Asia began in the __ river basin, according to World Book. a) Indus b) Ganges c) Nile d) Tigris & Euphrates.
6. Mt. Everest lies on the borders of a) Nepal & China b) India & China c) China & Tibet.
7. Which has a greater metropolitan area? a) Mumbai b) Kolkata c) New York City d) Beijing?
8. Sanskrit, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri and Punjabi are __. a) regions b) languages c) types of cuisine d) Hindu gods.
9. India has approximately half the land area of the US but more than 3 times the US’ population. T / F
10. The 2 principal religions of India: a) Christian, Islam b) Islam, Hindu c) Hindu, Jewish
d) Hindu, Christian e) Sikhs, Hindus.
11. The famous spice mixture of Indian cooking: a) curry b) tandoori c) yogurt d) chili powder.
12. The caste system has been responsible for a long history of a) good meals b) law and order c) lavish architecture d) railways and ports.
13. Not one of the three Islamic nations on our map: a) Bangladesh b) Pakistan c) Afghanistan d) Nepal.
14. The historic name for Mumbai: __ a) Calcutta b) Kolkata c) Ceylon d) Bombay e) Agra.
15. The multi-stringed instrument that gives a signature sound to the music of India: a) oud b) sitar c) tambourine d) bindi e) melodica.
16. Some 60 years ago India was partitioned so that Muslims would have a home away from the antagonistic Hindus. Today there are fewer than 10% of Muslims in India. They live in Pakistan or Bangladesh. T / F
17. Mohandas said to Kasturba: “Let’s go to a movie tonight. Put a garland of jasmine round your neck and a __ on your forehead.” a) samsara b) ganesh c) bindi d) sitar.
18. Bangalore is a city of high tech workers, according to the NY Times. The most notable US company maintaing a large workforce there is a) Microsoft b) Apple c) Dell d) Intel e) Sun Microsystems.
19. Famous for their beards and turbans, this Indian religious group is centered in the Punjab, near the city of Amritsar: a) Punjabis b) Jains c) Hindus d) Muslims e) Sikhs.
20. The science behind an understanding of the Himalayas: a) vulcanology
b) demography c) plate tectonics d) archaeology.
answers
1. a) Namaste’
2. F
3. b) 1.3 B
4. b) demographers
5. a) Indus
6. a)
7. c) NYC
8. b) languages
9. F
10. b) Islam, Hindu
11. a) curry
12. b) order
13. d) Nepal
14. d) Bombay
15. b) sitar
16. F
17. c) bindi
18. a) Microsoft
19. e) Sikhs
20. c) plate tectonics
21. b) barrister
22. Strategies: use the press, emphasize Christian principles, understand and use the law and use diplomacy, or thoughtful negotiation.
These have something in common:
pajamas, paisley, jodhpurs, madras cloth, kashmir
India review 1 / Trudeau / geography
1. Hindi greeting: a) Namaste’ b) Ni hau c) Moshimoshi d) Salaam aleikum e) Shalom f) Yo.
2. Hindi is the culture and religion, Hindu is the language. T / F
3. According to the RMQRWA, India’s population is about a) 1.03 billion b) 1.3 billion c) 1.5 billion d) 1.53 billion.
4. People who study populations and make predictions about population changes: a) anthropologists b) demographers c) historians d) graphologists.
5. Civilization in Central Asia began in the __ river basin, according to World Book. a) Indus b) Ganges c) Nile d) Tigris & Euphrates.
6. Mt. Everest lies on the borders of a) Nepal & China b) India & China c) China & Tibet.
7. Which has a greater metropolitan area? a) Mumbai b) Kolkata c) New York City d) Beijing?
8. Sanskrit, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri and Punjabi are __. a) regions b) languages c) types of cuisine d) Hindu gods.
9. India has approximately half the land area of the US but more than 3 times the US’ population. T / F
10. The 2 principal religions of India: a) Christian, Islam b) Islam, Hindu c) Hindu, Jewish
d) Hindu, Christian e) Sikhs, Hindus.
11. The famous spice mixture of Indian cooking: a) curry b) tandoori c) yogurt d) chili powder.
12. Not one of the three Islamic nations on our map: a) Bangladesh b) Pakistan c) Afghanistan d) Nepal.
13. The historic name for Mumbai: __ a) Calcutta b) Kolkata c) Ceylon d) Bombay e) Agra.
14. The multi-stringed instrument that gives a signature sound to the music of India: a) oud b) sitar c) tambourine d) bindi e) melodica.
15. Some 60 years ago India was partitioned so that Muslims would have a home away from the antagonistic Hindus. Today the formerly Indian Muslims live in Pakistan or China. T / F
16. “Going to a movie tonight, darlin’. Put a garland of jasmine round your neck and a __ on your forehead.” a) samsara b) ganesh c) bindi d) sitar.
17. Bangalore is a city of high tech workers, according to the NY Times. The most notable US company maintaing a large workforce there is a) Microsoft b) Apple c) Dell d) Intel e) Sun Microsystems.
18. The science behind an understanding of the Himalayas: a) vulcanology
b) demography c) plate tectonics d) archaeology.
19. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan: a) Star & crescent b) Om
c) mandala d) swastika.
20. Associated with Hindu weddings: a) guru b) Shah Jahan
c) henna d) curry e) Delhi.
21. Cumin, cardamom, coriander, fenugreek, mace, dill: a) henna b) Lord Ganesh c) curry d) bindi.
22. Hinduism is the world’s __ religion. a) oldest b) most populous
c) least Christian d) most diffused (spread out).
23. Significant Hindu populations are found in a) Mexico, Cuba, Bahamas
b) Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran c) Singapore, Fiji, Trinidad.
24. Dharma is about ethics and duties, while Karma is about action and subsequent reaction. T / F
25. The most powerful cosmic spirit: a) Brahman b) Krishna c) Shiva d) Ganesh.
26. At a shrine or temple a Hindu may perform devotions called a) samsara b) puja c) om d) mantras.
27. Sitting with legs crossed and puled up into the lap:
a) Krishna’s feet b) Mandala c) Om d) lotus.
28. Sanskrit / Hindi word for “to yoke” or “to unite:”
a) mantra b) mandala c) yoga d) pranayama.
Trudeau / India Quiz / answers
1. a) Namaste’
2. F
3. a) 1.03 B
4. b) demographers
5. a) Indus
6. a)
7. c) NYC
8. b) languages
9. F
10. b) Islam, Hindu
11. a) curry
12. b) order
13. d) Nepal
14. d) Bombay
15. b) sitar
16. F
17. c) bindi
18. a) Microsoft
19. e) Sikhs
20. c) plate tectonics
21. b) barrister
22. Strategies: use the press, emphasize Christian principles, understand and use the law and use diplomacy, or thoughtful negotiation.
These have something in common:
pajamas, paisley, jodhpurs, madras cloth, kashmir
1. Hindi greeting: a) Namaste’ b) Ni hau c) Moshimoshi d) Salaam aleikum e) Shalom f) Yo.
2. Hindi is the culture and religion, Hindu is the language. T / F
3. According to the RMQRWA, India’s population is about a) 990 million b) 1.3 billion c) 2.5 billion d) 3 billion.
4. People who study populations and make predictions about population changes: a) anthropologists b) demographers c) historians d) graphologists.
5. Civilization in Central Asia began in the __ river basin, according to World Book. a) Indus b) Ganges c) Nile d) Tigris & Euphrates.
6. Mt. Everest lies on the borders of a) Nepal & China b) India & China c) China & Tibet.
7. Which has a greater metropolitan area? a) Mumbai b) Kolkata c) New York City d) Beijing?
8. Sanskrit, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri and Punjabi are __. a) regions b) languages c) types of cuisine d) Hindu gods.
9. India has approximately half the land area of the US but more than 3 times the US’ population. T / F
10. The 2 principal religions of India: a) Christian, Islam b) Islam, Hindu c) Hindu, Jewish
d) Hindu, Christian e) Sikhs, Hindus.
11. The famous spice mixture of Indian cooking: a) curry b) tandoori c) yogurt d) chili powder.
12. The caste system has been responsible for a long history of a) good meals b) law and order c) lavish architecture d) railways and ports.
13. Not one of the three Islamic nations on our map: a) Bangladesh b) Pakistan c) Afghanistan d) Nepal.
14. The historic name for Mumbai: __ a) Calcutta b) Kolkata c) Ceylon d) Bombay e) Agra.
15. The multi-stringed instrument that gives a signature sound to the music of India: a) oud b) sitar c) tambourine d) bindi e) melodica.
16. Some 60 years ago India was partitioned so that Muslims would have a home away from the antagonistic Hindus. Today there are fewer than 10% of Muslims in India. They live in Pakistan or Bangladesh. T / F
17. Mohandas said to Kasturba: “Let’s go to a movie tonight. Put a garland of jasmine round your neck and a __ on your forehead.” a) samsara b) ganesh c) bindi d) sitar.
18. Bangalore is a city of high tech workers, according to the NY Times. The most notable US company maintaing a large workforce there is a) Microsoft b) Apple c) Dell d) Intel e) Sun Microsystems.
19. Famous for their beards and turbans, this Indian religious group is centered in the Punjab, near the city of Amritsar: a) Punjabis b) Jains c) Hindus d) Muslims e) Sikhs.
20. The science behind an understanding of the Himalayas: a) vulcanology
b) demography c) plate tectonics d) archaeology.
answers
1. a) Namaste’
2. F
3. b) 1.3 B
4. b) demographers
5. a) Indus
6. a)
7. c) NYC
8. b) languages
9. F
10. b) Islam, Hindu
11. a) curry
12. b) order
13. d) Nepal
14. d) Bombay
15. b) sitar
16. F
17. c) bindi
18. a) Microsoft
19. e) Sikhs
20. c) plate tectonics
21. b) barrister
22. Strategies: use the press, emphasize Christian principles, understand and use the law and use diplomacy, or thoughtful negotiation.
These have something in common:
pajamas, paisley, jodhpurs, madras cloth, kashmir
India review 1 / Trudeau / geography
1. Hindi greeting: a) Namaste’ b) Ni hau c) Moshimoshi d) Salaam aleikum e) Shalom f) Yo.
2. Hindi is the culture and religion, Hindu is the language. T / F
3. According to the RMQRWA, India’s population is about a) 1.03 billion b) 1.3 billion c) 1.5 billion d) 1.53 billion.
4. People who study populations and make predictions about population changes: a) anthropologists b) demographers c) historians d) graphologists.
5. Civilization in Central Asia began in the __ river basin, according to World Book. a) Indus b) Ganges c) Nile d) Tigris & Euphrates.
6. Mt. Everest lies on the borders of a) Nepal & China b) India & China c) China & Tibet.
7. Which has a greater metropolitan area? a) Mumbai b) Kolkata c) New York City d) Beijing?
8. Sanskrit, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri and Punjabi are __. a) regions b) languages c) types of cuisine d) Hindu gods.
9. India has approximately half the land area of the US but more than 3 times the US’ population. T / F
10. The 2 principal religions of India: a) Christian, Islam b) Islam, Hindu c) Hindu, Jewish
d) Hindu, Christian e) Sikhs, Hindus.
11. The famous spice mixture of Indian cooking: a) curry b) tandoori c) yogurt d) chili powder.
12. Not one of the three Islamic nations on our map: a) Bangladesh b) Pakistan c) Afghanistan d) Nepal.
13. The historic name for Mumbai: __ a) Calcutta b) Kolkata c) Ceylon d) Bombay e) Agra.
14. The multi-stringed instrument that gives a signature sound to the music of India: a) oud b) sitar c) tambourine d) bindi e) melodica.
15. Some 60 years ago India was partitioned so that Muslims would have a home away from the antagonistic Hindus. Today the formerly Indian Muslims live in Pakistan or China. T / F
16. “Going to a movie tonight, darlin’. Put a garland of jasmine round your neck and a __ on your forehead.” a) samsara b) ganesh c) bindi d) sitar.
17. Bangalore is a city of high tech workers, according to the NY Times. The most notable US company maintaing a large workforce there is a) Microsoft b) Apple c) Dell d) Intel e) Sun Microsystems.
18. The science behind an understanding of the Himalayas: a) vulcanology
b) demography c) plate tectonics d) archaeology.
19. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan: a) Star & crescent b) Om
c) mandala d) swastika.
20. Associated with Hindu weddings: a) guru b) Shah Jahan
c) henna d) curry e) Delhi.
21. Cumin, cardamom, coriander, fenugreek, mace, dill: a) henna b) Lord Ganesh c) curry d) bindi.
22. Hinduism is the world’s __ religion. a) oldest b) most populous
c) least Christian d) most diffused (spread out).
23. Significant Hindu populations are found in a) Mexico, Cuba, Bahamas
b) Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran c) Singapore, Fiji, Trinidad.
24. Dharma is about ethics and duties, while Karma is about action and subsequent reaction. T / F
25. The most powerful cosmic spirit: a) Brahman b) Krishna c) Shiva d) Ganesh.
26. At a shrine or temple a Hindu may perform devotions called a) samsara b) puja c) om d) mantras.
27. Sitting with legs crossed and puled up into the lap:
a) Krishna’s feet b) Mandala c) Om d) lotus.
28. Sanskrit / Hindi word for “to yoke” or “to unite:”
a) mantra b) mandala c) yoga d) pranayama.
Trudeau / India Quiz / answers
1. a) Namaste’
2. F
3. a) 1.03 B
4. b) demographers
5. a) Indus
6. a)
7. c) NYC
8. b) languages
9. F
10. b) Islam, Hindu
11. a) curry
12. b) order
13. d) Nepal
14. d) Bombay
15. b) sitar
16. F
17. c) bindi
18. a) Microsoft
19. e) Sikhs
20. c) plate tectonics
21. b) barrister
22. Strategies: use the press, emphasize Christian principles, understand and use the law and use diplomacy, or thoughtful negotiation.
These have something in common:
pajamas, paisley, jodhpurs, madras cloth, kashmir
Herodotus, a Greek called the Father of Geography (a title he shares with another Greek, Eratosthenes)
Trudeau / Cartography
1) Storms seem larger than usual in recent years. According to National Geographic, scientists largely attribute this to a) coastal erosion b) loss of barrier islands c) changes in ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream d) global warming.
Name the large city closest to:
2) 40N, 74W
3) 32N, 35E
4) 30S, 20E
5) 35S, 150E
6) 30E, 90W
7) The region associated with the earliest use of math and mapping: a) Babylonia
b) Mesopotamia c) Egypt d) Greece.
8) Greenwich, England, is home to the a) equator b) prime meridian c) oldest section of London.
9) Pythagoras and the grid system are associated with a) Greece b) Egypt c) Mesopotamia.
10) This ancient region was not mentioned in notes on the history of cartography, but it is one of the regions designated a Cradle of Civilization. We may guess that their achievements in map making were also significant.
a) China b) Rome, Italy c) Aztecs, Mexico City d) Constantinople.
11) Called the Father of geography for his book Geographia, this scholar was an ancient Greek: a) Plato b) Herodotus c) Pythagoras d) Aristotle.
12) Called the most ancient city of the Western world: a) Babylon b) Cairo
c) Alexandria d) Ur.
13) Write the grid coordinates for Istanbul (formerly Constantinople).
14) Sometimes the world fights over ethnocentric concerns (ie, the Germans wanted to take over most of Europe because they deserved it, said Hitler) and sometimes it simply accepts them.
In one or two sentences describe a situation in which the world has quietly accepted an ethnocentric term and describe the non-ethnocentric alternative to that term. (2 pts.)
Answers: geography / cartography
1. d global warming
2. 40N, 74W: NYC; that single answer should be adequate to get you started on latitude and longitude.
3. __
4. __
5. __
6. __
7. d Greece
8. b prime meridian
9. a Greece
10. a China
11. b Herodotus
12. d Ur
13. __N, __E
1) Storms seem larger than usual in recent years. According to National Geographic, scientists largely attribute this to a) coastal erosion b) loss of barrier islands c) changes in ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream d) global warming.
Name the large city closest to:
2) 40N, 74W
3) 32N, 35E
4) 30S, 20E
5) 35S, 150E
6) 30E, 90W
7) The region associated with the earliest use of math and mapping: a) Babylonia
b) Mesopotamia c) Egypt d) Greece.
8) Greenwich, England, is home to the a) equator b) prime meridian c) oldest section of London.
9) Pythagoras and the grid system are associated with a) Greece b) Egypt c) Mesopotamia.
10) This ancient region was not mentioned in notes on the history of cartography, but it is one of the regions designated a Cradle of Civilization. We may guess that their achievements in map making were also significant.
a) China b) Rome, Italy c) Aztecs, Mexico City d) Constantinople.
11) Called the Father of geography for his book Geographia, this scholar was an ancient Greek: a) Plato b) Herodotus c) Pythagoras d) Aristotle.
12) Called the most ancient city of the Western world: a) Babylon b) Cairo
c) Alexandria d) Ur.
13) Write the grid coordinates for Istanbul (formerly Constantinople).
14) Sometimes the world fights over ethnocentric concerns (ie, the Germans wanted to take over most of Europe because they deserved it, said Hitler) and sometimes it simply accepts them.
In one or two sentences describe a situation in which the world has quietly accepted an ethnocentric term and describe the non-ethnocentric alternative to that term. (2 pts.)
Answers: geography / cartography
1. d global warming
2. 40N, 74W: NYC; that single answer should be adequate to get you started on latitude and longitude.
3. __
4. __
5. __
6. __
7. d Greece
8. b prime meridian
9. a Greece
10. a China
11. b Herodotus
12. d Ur
13. __N, __E
Gandhi exam review
Gandhi and India
1. Gandhi’s first success in protest work took place in the nation of ____ _____.
2. One of Gandhi’s legal tacks was to assert that Indians were due rights since they were ____ subjects.
3. Gandhi’s strategy called for using the principles of the ________ religion.
4. He also knew that two institutions in British life would be helpful to his movement for fairness to Indians: the British ______ system, and the free ____ of England.
5. Gandhi was assassinated by a fanatic from the ____ religion. “Bapu” (Hindi nickname: “father”) was 78 years old.
6. One of his principal issues was increased tolerance between the primary religious sects of India: ___ and ___.
7. In 1919 a British general brought his troops to the site of a peaceful meeting in a Sikh temple courtyard. When the incident was over some 400 defenseless people were ____.
8. After 1920 Gandhi began a campaign against the British domination of the textiles sold in India. From that point he was usually photographed with a basic implement called a ____ ____.
9. In 1930 Gandhiji led a 240 mile march to the sea. He was protesting the British tax on the food-related substance: ____.
10. In the protests he led Gandhi emphasized a) creative violence b) non-violence.
11. Gandhi was born in Porbandar, by the shores of the ______ Sea.
12. During WWII, 1939 - 1945, Gandhi was sympathetic to British war needs and ceased his protest work. T / F
13. Gandhi did not want to see India separated in 1947. Nonetheless the vast nation was partitioned. Muslims were given the new nations of ______ and _____.
14. Few leaders have effectively reached out to a chaotic society like Gandhi did in the 1930’s and 40’s. When all of his appeals failed he touched the masses of India by undertaking a personal ____.
15. His principal journey outside of India in search of freedom for India was to a home rule conference in _______.
Answers:
1. South Africa 2. British 3. Christian 4. legal, speech 5. Hindu 6. Hindu, Muslim
7. murdered 8. spinning wheel 9. salt 10. b) non-violence 11. Arabian Sea
12. False 13. Pakistan, Bangladesh 14. fast 15. London, England
Lawrence of Arabia exam review
Lawrence of Arabia Quiz / SW Asia / Trudeau
1. Lawrence was from a) Cambridge b) London c) Edinburgh d) Stratford e) Oxford.
2. Prior to WWI he had studied English, French and __. a) Hebrew b) Arabic c) German d) Persian/Farsi e) Amharic f) Egyptian.
3. The dates of WWI: a) 1911 - 1921 b) 1911 - 1914 c) 1914 - 1918 d) 1914 - 1921.
4. On the German side in WWI: a) Japan b) Turkey c) Saudi Arabia d) Persia.
5. On the English side in WWI: a) Germany b) Bulgaria c) Russia d) Austria-Hungary e) Turkey.
6. The Ottoman Empire was synonymous with (another name for ...) the a) Arabs
b) Turks c) Persians d) Germans.
7. The Arabic word for a dry canyon bed - typically a place where settlements were built: a) hazimi b) in sh’allah c) wadi d) jebel.
8. The Islamic golden age, a time of expansion and cultural achievements, occurred a) before 600 CE b) after 600 c) after 600 BCE.
9. A high priority item for the British in WWI: a) oil b) artillery c) Aqaba d) Suez Canal.
10. Ululation is an activity chiefly controlled by a) men b) women c) imams d) sheiks.
11. “The law says the man must die.” This is based on a code associated with a historic leader of Mesopotamia. a. Cyrus b. Hammurabi c) Darius.
12. The term ‘wog’ refers unenthusiastically to ... a) Arab b) camel c) Jew d) Turk.
13. Sherif Ali, a nobleman and military leader under King Feisel, has 2 African bodyguards. Explain: a) It is a realistic note, given the history of Arabs incursions into West Africa. b) It is a gross exaggeration based on a traditional stereotype in regards slavery.
14. In 1918 the British officers and some troops knew of the success of Lawrence’s fight alongside Arab forces. The Turks knew who he was, and put a bounty on his head, but didn’t know what he looked like. But by 1920 everyone in England knew of the brave deeds of Lawrence. What happened? a) the popularity of Lawrence’s book, The Seven Pillars of Wisdom. b) Lawrence began to give lectures across England on what happened to the Arab cause in WWI. c) Lowell Thomas gave lectures across England on Lawrence’s role in the Middle East.
15. The Sykes-Picot Treaty is an agreement at the end of WWI that proclaims that 2 nations will divide the control of the Middle East. Which European nations took over the defeated Turkish Empire? a) Britain & Germany b) Britain & Belgium c) Britain & France d) Britain & Italy e) Britain & Denmark f) Britain & Libya.
16. Arabs felt the most important Islamic, Arabic city in the WWI era was
a) Cairo b) Jerusalem c) Beirut d) Aqaba e) Damascus.
17. In the WWI era in England we hear references to the guinea and the shilling. They are items of a) military status b) native peoples’ food c) art d) currency
e) the law.
18. One of the early challenges for Lawrence and the Arab troops was the crossing of the a) Nefud desert b) Sinai c) Red Sea d) Suez Canal e) Gulf of Aqaba.
19. Nomadic Arab peoples are known ethnically as the a) Hazimi
b) Hashemites c) Semites d) Bedouins e) Wadi.
20. The sin committed by a man who claims to have performed a miracle: a) adultery b) blasphemy c) gluttony d) envy e) lust.
21. Salaam aleikum! translated: a) “Peace be with you.” b) “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet.” c) “Prayer is better than sleep.”
22. In explaining to Feisel the reason for Britain’s power, the British officer puts an emphasis on ... a) technology b) discipline c) skill d) wealth.
23. Lawrence’s WWI journey went from Oxford to Damascus. Choose the item below which has the correct order of locations for Lawrence and the Arab Revolt:
a) Cairo, Aqaba, Jerusalem, Damascus b) Aqaba, Jerusalem, Cairo, Oxford
c) Aqaba, Yenbo, Jerusalem, Damascus d) Yenbo, Cairo, Aqaba, Jerusalem, London.
24. In the desert, Lawrence sings a WWI-era ditty about a man in a casino. The gambler won big money in the tiny country of a) Monte Carlo b) Vatican City
c) Andorra d) Monaco.
25. In an accord signed in Switzerland, the big nations have set guidelines for the treatment of prisoners of war: a) Treaty of Versailles b) London Accord
c) Zurich Agreement d) Geneva Convention.
26. Between the Black Sea and the Caspian lies a region kown to the Turks as home to the Circassians. The region is named for a mountain range, the __ .
a) Caucasus b) Appennines c) Hejaz d) Yemeni.
27. Soldier for hire: a) Supaman b) Bedouin c) Jihadi d) mercenary.
28. Irreverence toward something considered sacred is called a) brigand
b) bedouin c) mercenary d) blasphemous.
29. In Arabia you can find a date at a place called a a) coffee shop b) tavern
c) cabaret d) oasis e) wadi.
30. In WWI the British attacked the Turkish-held Mid East and drove the Turks from the holy city of __. a) Damascus b) Aqaba c) Jerusalem d) Mecca.
answers ...
1. e) Oxford
2. b) Arabic
3. c) 1914 - 1918
4. b) Turkey c) Russia
5. b) Turks
6. c) wadi
7. b) after 600 AD
8. d) Suez Canal
9. b) women
10. b) Hammurabi
11. a) Arab
12. a) realistic
13. c) American reporter
14. c) Br. & Fr.
15. e) Damascus
16. d) currency
17. a) Nefud
18. d) Bedouins
19. b) blasphemy
20. a) “Peace be w/ u”
21. b) discipline
Exam material review: India 1
India review 1
1. Hindi greeting: a) Namaste’ b) Ni hau c) Moshimoshi d) Salaam aleikum e) Shalom f) Yo.
2. Hindi is the culture and religion, Hindu is the language. T / F
3. According to the RMQRWA, India’s population is about a) 999 million b) 1.1 billion c) 1.53 billion d) 2.53 billion.
4. People who study populations and make predictions about population changes: a) anthropologists b) demographers c) historians d) graphologists.
5. Civilization in Central Asia began in the __ river basin, according to World Book. a) Indus b) Ganges c) Nile d) Tigris & Euphrates.
6. Mt. Everest lies on the borders of a) Nepal & China b) India & China c) China & Tibet.
7. Which has a greater metropolitan population? a) Mumbai b) Kolkata c) New York City d) Beijing
8. Sanskrit, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri and Punjabi are __. a) regions b) languages c) types of cuisine d) Hindu gods.
9. India has approximately half the land area of the US but more than 3 times the US’ population.
T / F
10. The 2 principal religions of India: a) Christianity, Islam b) Islam, Hindu c) Hindu, Jewish
d) Hindu, Christian e) Sikhs, Hindus.
11. The famous spice mixture of Indian cooking: a) curry b) tandoori c) yogurt d) chili powder.
12. Not one of the three Islamic nations on our current map: a) Bangladesh b) Pakistan c) Afghanistan d) Nepal.
13. The historic name for Mumbai: __ a) Calcutta b) Kolkata c) Ceylon d) Bombay e) Agra.
14. The multi-stringed instrument that gives a signature sound to the music of India: a) oud b) sitar c) tambourine d) bindi e) harmonium.
15. Some 60 years ago India was partitioned so that Muslims would have a home away from the antagonistic Hindus. Today the formerly Indian Muslims primarily live in Pakistan or China. T / F
16. “Going to a movie tonight? Put a garland of jasmine round your neck and a __ on your forehead.” a) samsara b) ganesh c) bindi d) sitar.
17. The science behind an understanding of the Himalayas: a) vulcanology
b) demography c) plate tectonics d) archaeology.
18. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan: a) Star & crescent b) Om
c) mandala d) swastika.
19. Associated with Hindu weddings: a) guru b) Shah Jahan
c) henna d) curry e) Delhi.
20. Cumin, cardamom, coriander, fenugreek, mace, dill: a) henna b) Lord Ganesh c) curry d) bindi.
21. Hinduism is the world’s __ religion. a) oldest b) most populous
c) least Christian d) most diffused (spread out).
22. Significant Hindu populations are found in a) Mexico, Cuba, Bahamas
b) Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran c) Singapore, Fiji, Trinidad.
23. Dharma is about ethics and duties, while Karma is about action and subsequent reaction.
T / F
24. The most powerful cosmic spirit: a) Brahman b) Krishna c) Shiva d) Ganesh.
25. At a shrine or temple a Hindu may perform devotions called a) samsara b) puja c) om d) mantras.
26. Sitting with legs crossed and pulled up and partly into the lap:
a) Krishna’s feet b) Mandala c) Om d) lotus.
27. Sanskrit / Hindi word for “to yoke” or “to unite:”
a) mantra b) mandala c) yoga d) pranayama.
India answers:
1. a Namaste
2. F
3. b 1.1 B
4. b demographers
5. a Indus
6. a Nepal & China
7. a Mumbai
8. b languages
9. F
10. b Islam, Hindu
11. a curry
12. d Nepal
13. d Bombay
14. b sitar
15. F
16. c bindi
17. c plate tectonics
18. a star & crescent
19. c henna
20. c curry
21. a oldest
22. c Singapore, etc
23. T
24. a Brahman
25. b puja
26. d lotus
27. c yoga
1. Hindi greeting: a) Namaste’ b) Ni hau c) Moshimoshi d) Salaam aleikum e) Shalom f) Yo.
2. Hindi is the culture and religion, Hindu is the language. T / F
3. According to the RMQRWA, India’s population is about a) 999 million b) 1.1 billion c) 1.53 billion d) 2.53 billion.
4. People who study populations and make predictions about population changes: a) anthropologists b) demographers c) historians d) graphologists.
5. Civilization in Central Asia began in the __ river basin, according to World Book. a) Indus b) Ganges c) Nile d) Tigris & Euphrates.
6. Mt. Everest lies on the borders of a) Nepal & China b) India & China c) China & Tibet.
7. Which has a greater metropolitan population? a) Mumbai b) Kolkata c) New York City d) Beijing
8. Sanskrit, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri and Punjabi are __. a) regions b) languages c) types of cuisine d) Hindu gods.
9. India has approximately half the land area of the US but more than 3 times the US’ population.
T / F
10. The 2 principal religions of India: a) Christianity, Islam b) Islam, Hindu c) Hindu, Jewish
d) Hindu, Christian e) Sikhs, Hindus.
11. The famous spice mixture of Indian cooking: a) curry b) tandoori c) yogurt d) chili powder.
12. Not one of the three Islamic nations on our current map: a) Bangladesh b) Pakistan c) Afghanistan d) Nepal.
13. The historic name for Mumbai: __ a) Calcutta b) Kolkata c) Ceylon d) Bombay e) Agra.
14. The multi-stringed instrument that gives a signature sound to the music of India: a) oud b) sitar c) tambourine d) bindi e) harmonium.
15. Some 60 years ago India was partitioned so that Muslims would have a home away from the antagonistic Hindus. Today the formerly Indian Muslims primarily live in Pakistan or China. T / F
16. “Going to a movie tonight? Put a garland of jasmine round your neck and a __ on your forehead.” a) samsara b) ganesh c) bindi d) sitar.
17. The science behind an understanding of the Himalayas: a) vulcanology
b) demography c) plate tectonics d) archaeology.
18. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan: a) Star & crescent b) Om
c) mandala d) swastika.
19. Associated with Hindu weddings: a) guru b) Shah Jahan
c) henna d) curry e) Delhi.
20. Cumin, cardamom, coriander, fenugreek, mace, dill: a) henna b) Lord Ganesh c) curry d) bindi.
21. Hinduism is the world’s __ religion. a) oldest b) most populous
c) least Christian d) most diffused (spread out).
22. Significant Hindu populations are found in a) Mexico, Cuba, Bahamas
b) Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran c) Singapore, Fiji, Trinidad.
23. Dharma is about ethics and duties, while Karma is about action and subsequent reaction.
T / F
24. The most powerful cosmic spirit: a) Brahman b) Krishna c) Shiva d) Ganesh.
25. At a shrine or temple a Hindu may perform devotions called a) samsara b) puja c) om d) mantras.
26. Sitting with legs crossed and pulled up and partly into the lap:
a) Krishna’s feet b) Mandala c) Om d) lotus.
27. Sanskrit / Hindi word for “to yoke” or “to unite:”
a) mantra b) mandala c) yoga d) pranayama.
India answers:
1. a Namaste
2. F
3. b 1.1 B
4. b demographers
5. a Indus
6. a Nepal & China
7. a Mumbai
8. b languages
9. F
10. b Islam, Hindu
11. a curry
12. d Nepal
13. d Bombay
14. b sitar
15. F
16. c bindi
17. c plate tectonics
18. a star & crescent
19. c henna
20. c curry
21. a oldest
22. c Singapore, etc
23. T
24. a Brahman
25. b puja
26. d lotus
27. c yoga
Friday, December 07, 2007
Geo review, Dec 7
Bonus credit topic: research and compare the lives of Buckminster Fuller and Gerardus Mercator.
Vocab -
litigant
St Nicholas
Robinson projection
Dymaxion map
Hanukkah
menorah
advent
Tenzing Norgay
Sherpa
Edmund Hillary
Tibet
1953
Spoaceship earth
geodesic dome
compass rose
Latitude and longitude review -
Find the famous city at these coordinates:
1. 31N, 30E
2. 23S, 43W
3. 61N, 150W
4. 27S, 153E
Vocab -
litigant
St Nicholas
Robinson projection
Dymaxion map
Hanukkah
menorah
advent
Tenzing Norgay
Sherpa
Edmund Hillary
Tibet
1953
Spoaceship earth
geodesic dome
compass rose
Latitude and longitude review -
Find the famous city at these coordinates:
1. 31N, 30E
2. 23S, 43W
3. 61N, 150W
4. 27S, 153E
Thursday, December 06, 2007
Jewish christmas: Hanukkah
The Feast of Lights, Hanukkah, falls near Christmas and also includes the giving of gifts. The menorah above has 8 branches (the center candle is for lighting the other ones) because of the 8 days of the ancient observance.
Thomas Nast, 1860's illustrator of the popoular version of Santa
The origin of our Christmas rituals lie mostly in Europe, especially in Germany. But St Nicholas himself was a Bishop of the Christian church in Turkey.
Geodesic greenhouse - an example of the design developed by inventor Buckminster Fuller
Buckminster “Bucky” Fuller (1895 – 1983) was an American visionary, designer, architect, poet, author, and inventor.
Throughout his life, Fuller was concerned with the question "Does humanity have a chance to survive lastingly and successfully on planet Earth, and if so, how?"
Notable among his gifts to the world were the
- geodesic dome
- dymaxion map
- dymaxion house
- the world game - wherein the object is to find a way for resource-rich nations to aid those poor in resources.
- the term "spaceship earth"
He was a president of the society known as Mensa.
Throughout his life, Fuller was concerned with the question "Does humanity have a chance to survive lastingly and successfully on planet Earth, and if so, how?"
Notable among his gifts to the world were the
- geodesic dome
- dymaxion map
- dymaxion house
- the world game - wherein the object is to find a way for resource-rich nations to aid those poor in resources.
- the term "spaceship earth"
He was a president of the society known as Mensa.
Beautiful Map project due Tues, Dec 18
With the holidays and hand-made presents in mind, the Beautiful Map project will be quickly scored, displayed and returned - ready for presentation as a gift.
Please follow these guidelines -
1. Purchase a mat (stiff, cardboard frame) at a crafts store such as Michael's or art supplies section of any store.
2. You may choose the size of the mat and location to be illustrated. It may be a region, country, city or site.
3. Use water color or map pencils so as to bring shading to both water and land.
4. Identifications of cities, nations, bodies of water, etc, should be done
with calligraphic neatness.
5. Borrow from the style of antique maps:'
- compass rose
- small symbols
- multiple-line borders
- scroll
- wave lines
6. On-map framing pattern surrounds the map. A simple block pattern with contrasting colors will be adequate.
7. Print your name in the lower-right coner of the front of the map.
Please follow these guidelines -
1. Purchase a mat (stiff, cardboard frame) at a crafts store such as Michael's or art supplies section of any store.
2. You may choose the size of the mat and location to be illustrated. It may be a region, country, city or site.
3. Use water color or map pencils so as to bring shading to both water and land.
4. Identifications of cities, nations, bodies of water, etc, should be done
with calligraphic neatness.
5. Borrow from the style of antique maps:'
- compass rose
- small symbols
- multiple-line borders
- scroll
- wave lines
6. On-map framing pattern surrounds the map. A simple block pattern with contrasting colors will be adequate.
7. Print your name in the lower-right coner of the front of the map.
Monday, December 03, 2007
Brief bio of MK Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a British trained lawyer of Indian origin from South Africa. He had won his political spurs organising the Indian community there against the vicious system of apartheid. During this struggle, he had developed the novel technique of non-violent agitation which he called 'satyagraha', loosely translated as moral domination. He was thus heir to the ancient traditions of Gautama Buddha, Mahavir Jain and emperor Ashoka, and was later given the title of Mahatma, or Great Soul. Gandhi, himself a devout Hindu, also espoused a total moral philosophy of tolerance, brotherhood of all religions, non-violence (ahimsa) and of simple living. He adopted an austere traditional Indian style of living, which won him wide popularity and transformed him into the undisputed leader of the Congress. As Jawaharlal Nehru said, "He was a powerful current of fresh air that made us stretch ourselves and take a deep breath" and revitalised the Freedom Movement.
Under his leadership, the Congress launched a series of mass movements - the Non Cooperation Movement of 1920 -1922 and the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. The latter was triggered by the famous Salt March, when Gandhi captured the imagination of the nation by leading a band of followers from his ashram at Sabarmati, on a 200 mile trek to the remote village of Dandi on the west coast, there to prepare salt in symbolic violation of British law.
These were populist movements in which people from all classes and all parts of India participated with great fervour. Women too, played an active role in the struggle. Sarojini Naidu, Aruna Asaf Ali and Bhikaji Cama, to name but a few, inspired millions of others to take the first step on the road to emancipation and equality. In August 1942, the Quit India movement was launched. "I want freedom immediately, this very night before dawn if it can be had.'.. we shall free India or die in the attempt, we shall not live to see the perpetuation of our slavery", declared the Mahatma, as the British resorted to brutal repression against non-violent satyagrahis. It became evident that the British could maintain the empire only at enormous cost. At the end of the Second World War, they saw the writing on the wall, and initiated a number of constitutional moves to effect the transfer of power to the sovereign State of India. For the first and perhaps the only time in history, the power of a mighty global empire 'on which the sun never set', had been challenged and overcome by the moral might of a people armed only with ideals and courage.
Under his leadership, the Congress launched a series of mass movements - the Non Cooperation Movement of 1920 -1922 and the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. The latter was triggered by the famous Salt March, when Gandhi captured the imagination of the nation by leading a band of followers from his ashram at Sabarmati, on a 200 mile trek to the remote village of Dandi on the west coast, there to prepare salt in symbolic violation of British law.
These were populist movements in which people from all classes and all parts of India participated with great fervour. Women too, played an active role in the struggle. Sarojini Naidu, Aruna Asaf Ali and Bhikaji Cama, to name but a few, inspired millions of others to take the first step on the road to emancipation and equality. In August 1942, the Quit India movement was launched. "I want freedom immediately, this very night before dawn if it can be had.'.. we shall free India or die in the attempt, we shall not live to see the perpetuation of our slavery", declared the Mahatma, as the British resorted to brutal repression against non-violent satyagrahis. It became evident that the British could maintain the empire only at enormous cost. At the end of the Second World War, they saw the writing on the wall, and initiated a number of constitutional moves to effect the transfer of power to the sovereign State of India. For the first and perhaps the only time in history, the power of a mighty global empire 'on which the sun never set', had been challenged and overcome by the moral might of a people armed only with ideals and courage.
Notes on the causes and beginning of the American Revolution for the comparison report
American Revolution / wikipedia.org
The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies that became the United States of America gained independence from the British Empire.
In this period, the Colonies united against the British Empire and entered a period of armed conflict known as the Revolutionary War or as the American War of Independence, between 1775 and 1783. This culminated in an American Declaration of Independence in 1776, and victory on the battlefield circa 1781.
France played a key role in aiding the revolution, providing the American patriots with money and munitions, organizing a coalition against Britain, and sending an army and a fleet that played a decisive role at the battle that effectively ended the war at Yorktown.
The Americans, however, were heavily influenced by the ideas of the enlightenment philosophers, being against absolute monarchy, and did not see the French form of government as a model.
The American Revolution included a series of broad intellectual and social shifts that occurred in the early American society, such as the new republican ideals that took hold in the American population. In some colonies, sharp political debates broke out over the role of democracy in government. The American shift to republicanism, as well as the gradually expanding democracy, caused an upheaval of the traditional social hierarchy, and created the ethic that formed the core of American political values.[1]
The revolutionary era began in 1763, when the military threat to the English colonies from France ended. Adopting the view that the colonies should pay a substantial portion of the costs of defending them, Britain imposed a series of taxes which proved unpopular and, because the colonies lacked elected representation in the governing British Parliament, many colonists considered the laws to be illegitimate. After protests in Boston, the British sent combat troops, the Americans mobilized their militia, and fighting broke out in 1775. Although Loyalists were about 15-20% of the population, throughout the war the Patriots generally controlled 80-90% of the territory; the British could only hold a few coastal cities. In 1776, representatives of the 13 colonies voted unanimously to adopt a Declaration of Independence, by which they established the United States of America. The Americans formed an alliance with France in 1778 that evened the military and naval strengths. Two main British armies were captured at Saratoga in 1777 and Yorktown in 1781, leading to peace with the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
No Taxation without Representation
By 1763, Great Britain possessed vast holdings in North America. In addition to the thirteen colonies, twenty two smaller colonies were ruled directly by royal governors. Victory in the Seven Years' War had given Great Britain New France (Canada), Spanish Florida, and the Native American lands east of the Mississippi River. In 1765, the colonists still considered themselves loyal subjects of the British Crown, with the same historic rights and obligations as subjects in Britain.[2]
The British government determined to tax its American possessions, primarily to help pay for its defense of North America from the French in the Seven Year War. The problem for many American colonists was not that taxes were high (the taxes were actually quite low, particularly compared with those paid by ordinary citizens of Britain[citation needed]), but that the colonies were not consulted about the new taxes, as they had no representation in Parliament. The phrase "No Taxation without Representation" became popular in many American circles. London argued that the Americans were represented "virtually"; but most Americans rejected the theory that men in London, who knew nothing about their needs and conditions, could represent them.[3]
In theory, Great Britain already regulated the economies of the colonies through the Navigation Acts according to the doctrines of mercantilism, which said that anything that benefited the Empire (and hurt other empires) was good policy. Widespread evasion of these laws had long been tolerated. Now, through the use of open-ended search warrants (Writs of Assistance), strict enforcement of these Acts became the practice. In 1761, Massachusetts lawyer James Otis argued that the writs violated the constitutional rights of the colonists. He lost the case, but John Adams later wrote, "American independence was then and there born."
In 1762, Patrick Henry argued the Parson's Cause in Virginia, where the legislature had passed a law and it was vetoed by the King. Henry argued, "that a King, by disallowing Acts of this salutary nature, from being the father of his people, degenerated into a Tyrant and forfeits all right to his subjects' obedience."[4]
1765: Stamp Act unites the Colonies in protest
In 1764, Parliament enacted the Sugar Act and the Currency Act, further vexing the colonists. Protests led to a powerful new weapon, the systemic boycott of British goods. The British pushed the colonists even further that same year by also enacting the Quartering Act, which stated that British soldiers were to be cared for by residents in certain areas. In 1765 the Stamp Act was the first direct tax ever levied by Parliament on the colonies. All newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets and official documents - even decks of playing cards - were required to have the stamps. All 13 colonies protested vehemently, as popular leaders such as Patrick Henry in Virginia and James Otis in Massachusetts, rallied the people in opposition. A secret group, the "Sons of Liberty" formed in many towns and threatened violence if anyone sold the stamps, and no one did. In Boston, the Sons of Liberty burned the records of the vice-admiralty court and looted the elegant home of the chief justice, Thomas Hutchinson. Several legislatures called for united action, and nine colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York City in October, 1765. Moderates led by John Dickinson drew up a "Declaration of Rights and Grievances" stating that taxes passed without representation violated ancient rights. Lending weight to the argument was an economic boycott of British merchandise, as imports into the colonies fell from £2,250,000 in 1764 to £1,944,000 in 1765. In London, the Rockingham government came to power and Parliament debated whether to repeal the stamp tax or send an army to enforce it. Benjamin Franklin eloquently made the American case, explaining the colonies had spent heavily in manpower, money and blood in defense of the empire in a series of wars against the French and Indians, and that further taxes to pay for those wars was unjust and might bring about a rebellion. Parliament agreed and repealed the tax, but in a "Declaratory Act" of March 1766 insisted that parliament retained full power to make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."[5]
Main articles: Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party
In Boston on March 5, 1770, a large mob gathered around a group of British soldiers. The mob grew more and more threatening, throwing snowballs and debris at the soldiers. In the confusion, all but one of the soldiers fired into the crowd. Eleven people were hit; five died of their wounds.
The event quickly came to be called the Boston Massacre. Exaggerated and widespread descriptions of the massacre began to turn colonial sentiment against the British. The event also began a downward spiral in the relationship between Britain and the colonies, especially Massachusetts.
In 1767, the British government had passed the Townshend Acts, which placed a tax on a number of essential goods including paper, glass and tea. Angered at the tax increases, colonists organized a boycott of British goods. On December 16, 1773, a group of men, led by Samuel Adams and disguised as Mohawk Indians, boarded the ships of British tea merchants and dumped an estimated £10,000 worth of tea on board into the harbor. This event became known as the Boston Tea Party and remains a significant part of American patriotic lore, despite the fact that the cause was a reduction in duty (from a shilling to 3 pence) and not an increase.
The British government responded by passing several acts which came to be known as the Intolerable Acts and included, among other measures, the closure of Boston Harbor until the colony identified the tea merchants whose wares had been destroyed. Needless to say, the Intolerable Acts further darkened colonial opinion towards the British.
Liberalism and republicanism
John Locke's ideas on liberalism greatly influenced the political minds behind the revolution; for instance, his theory of the "social contract" implied the natural right of the people to overthrow their leaders, should those leaders betray the historic rights of Englishmen. Historians find little trace of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's influence in America.[6] In terms of writing state and national constitutions, the Americans used Montesquieu's analysis of the ideally "balanced" British Constitution.
A motivating force behind the revolution was the American embrace of a political ideology called "republicanism", which was dominant in the colonies by 1775. The "country party" in Britain, whose critique of British government emphasized that corruption was to be feared, influenced American politicians. The colonists associated the "court" with luxury and inherited aristocracy, which Americans increasingly condemned. Corruption was the greatest possible evil, and civic virtue required men to put civic duty ahead of their personal desires. Men had a civic duty to fight for their country. For women, "republican motherhood" became the ideal, exemplified by Abigail Adams and Mercy Otis Warren; the first duty of the republican woman was to instill republican values in her children and to avoid luxury and ostentation. The "Founding Fathers" were strong advocates of republicanism, especially Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams
The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies that became the United States of America gained independence from the British Empire.
In this period, the Colonies united against the British Empire and entered a period of armed conflict known as the Revolutionary War or as the American War of Independence, between 1775 and 1783. This culminated in an American Declaration of Independence in 1776, and victory on the battlefield circa 1781.
France played a key role in aiding the revolution, providing the American patriots with money and munitions, organizing a coalition against Britain, and sending an army and a fleet that played a decisive role at the battle that effectively ended the war at Yorktown.
The Americans, however, were heavily influenced by the ideas of the enlightenment philosophers, being against absolute monarchy, and did not see the French form of government as a model.
The American Revolution included a series of broad intellectual and social shifts that occurred in the early American society, such as the new republican ideals that took hold in the American population. In some colonies, sharp political debates broke out over the role of democracy in government. The American shift to republicanism, as well as the gradually expanding democracy, caused an upheaval of the traditional social hierarchy, and created the ethic that formed the core of American political values.[1]
The revolutionary era began in 1763, when the military threat to the English colonies from France ended. Adopting the view that the colonies should pay a substantial portion of the costs of defending them, Britain imposed a series of taxes which proved unpopular and, because the colonies lacked elected representation in the governing British Parliament, many colonists considered the laws to be illegitimate. After protests in Boston, the British sent combat troops, the Americans mobilized their militia, and fighting broke out in 1775. Although Loyalists were about 15-20% of the population, throughout the war the Patriots generally controlled 80-90% of the territory; the British could only hold a few coastal cities. In 1776, representatives of the 13 colonies voted unanimously to adopt a Declaration of Independence, by which they established the United States of America. The Americans formed an alliance with France in 1778 that evened the military and naval strengths. Two main British armies were captured at Saratoga in 1777 and Yorktown in 1781, leading to peace with the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
No Taxation without Representation
By 1763, Great Britain possessed vast holdings in North America. In addition to the thirteen colonies, twenty two smaller colonies were ruled directly by royal governors. Victory in the Seven Years' War had given Great Britain New France (Canada), Spanish Florida, and the Native American lands east of the Mississippi River. In 1765, the colonists still considered themselves loyal subjects of the British Crown, with the same historic rights and obligations as subjects in Britain.[2]
The British government determined to tax its American possessions, primarily to help pay for its defense of North America from the French in the Seven Year War. The problem for many American colonists was not that taxes were high (the taxes were actually quite low, particularly compared with those paid by ordinary citizens of Britain[citation needed]), but that the colonies were not consulted about the new taxes, as they had no representation in Parliament. The phrase "No Taxation without Representation" became popular in many American circles. London argued that the Americans were represented "virtually"; but most Americans rejected the theory that men in London, who knew nothing about their needs and conditions, could represent them.[3]
In theory, Great Britain already regulated the economies of the colonies through the Navigation Acts according to the doctrines of mercantilism, which said that anything that benefited the Empire (and hurt other empires) was good policy. Widespread evasion of these laws had long been tolerated. Now, through the use of open-ended search warrants (Writs of Assistance), strict enforcement of these Acts became the practice. In 1761, Massachusetts lawyer James Otis argued that the writs violated the constitutional rights of the colonists. He lost the case, but John Adams later wrote, "American independence was then and there born."
In 1762, Patrick Henry argued the Parson's Cause in Virginia, where the legislature had passed a law and it was vetoed by the King. Henry argued, "that a King, by disallowing Acts of this salutary nature, from being the father of his people, degenerated into a Tyrant and forfeits all right to his subjects' obedience."[4]
1765: Stamp Act unites the Colonies in protest
In 1764, Parliament enacted the Sugar Act and the Currency Act, further vexing the colonists. Protests led to a powerful new weapon, the systemic boycott of British goods. The British pushed the colonists even further that same year by also enacting the Quartering Act, which stated that British soldiers were to be cared for by residents in certain areas. In 1765 the Stamp Act was the first direct tax ever levied by Parliament on the colonies. All newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets and official documents - even decks of playing cards - were required to have the stamps. All 13 colonies protested vehemently, as popular leaders such as Patrick Henry in Virginia and James Otis in Massachusetts, rallied the people in opposition. A secret group, the "Sons of Liberty" formed in many towns and threatened violence if anyone sold the stamps, and no one did. In Boston, the Sons of Liberty burned the records of the vice-admiralty court and looted the elegant home of the chief justice, Thomas Hutchinson. Several legislatures called for united action, and nine colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York City in October, 1765. Moderates led by John Dickinson drew up a "Declaration of Rights and Grievances" stating that taxes passed without representation violated ancient rights. Lending weight to the argument was an economic boycott of British merchandise, as imports into the colonies fell from £2,250,000 in 1764 to £1,944,000 in 1765. In London, the Rockingham government came to power and Parliament debated whether to repeal the stamp tax or send an army to enforce it. Benjamin Franklin eloquently made the American case, explaining the colonies had spent heavily in manpower, money and blood in defense of the empire in a series of wars against the French and Indians, and that further taxes to pay for those wars was unjust and might bring about a rebellion. Parliament agreed and repealed the tax, but in a "Declaratory Act" of March 1766 insisted that parliament retained full power to make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."[5]
Main articles: Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party
In Boston on March 5, 1770, a large mob gathered around a group of British soldiers. The mob grew more and more threatening, throwing snowballs and debris at the soldiers. In the confusion, all but one of the soldiers fired into the crowd. Eleven people were hit; five died of their wounds.
The event quickly came to be called the Boston Massacre. Exaggerated and widespread descriptions of the massacre began to turn colonial sentiment against the British. The event also began a downward spiral in the relationship between Britain and the colonies, especially Massachusetts.
In 1767, the British government had passed the Townshend Acts, which placed a tax on a number of essential goods including paper, glass and tea. Angered at the tax increases, colonists organized a boycott of British goods. On December 16, 1773, a group of men, led by Samuel Adams and disguised as Mohawk Indians, boarded the ships of British tea merchants and dumped an estimated £10,000 worth of tea on board into the harbor. This event became known as the Boston Tea Party and remains a significant part of American patriotic lore, despite the fact that the cause was a reduction in duty (from a shilling to 3 pence) and not an increase.
The British government responded by passing several acts which came to be known as the Intolerable Acts and included, among other measures, the closure of Boston Harbor until the colony identified the tea merchants whose wares had been destroyed. Needless to say, the Intolerable Acts further darkened colonial opinion towards the British.
Liberalism and republicanism
John Locke's ideas on liberalism greatly influenced the political minds behind the revolution; for instance, his theory of the "social contract" implied the natural right of the people to overthrow their leaders, should those leaders betray the historic rights of Englishmen. Historians find little trace of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's influence in America.[6] In terms of writing state and national constitutions, the Americans used Montesquieu's analysis of the ideally "balanced" British Constitution.
A motivating force behind the revolution was the American embrace of a political ideology called "republicanism", which was dominant in the colonies by 1775. The "country party" in Britain, whose critique of British government emphasized that corruption was to be feared, influenced American politicians. The colonists associated the "court" with luxury and inherited aristocracy, which Americans increasingly condemned. Corruption was the greatest possible evil, and civic virtue required men to put civic duty ahead of their personal desires. Men had a civic duty to fight for their country. For women, "republican motherhood" became the ideal, exemplified by Abigail Adams and Mercy Otis Warren; the first duty of the republican woman was to instill republican values in her children and to avoid luxury and ostentation. The "Founding Fathers" were strong advocates of republicanism, especially Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams
Saturday, December 01, 2007
US News says Magnet is one of America's best high schools; CMHS Shreveport gets Silver medal status
In its Best High Schools 2008 Search, U.S. News & World Report—in collaboration with schoolmatters.com— analyzed academic and enrollment data from more than 18,000 public high schools to find the very best across the country. These top schools were placed into gold, silver, or bronze medal categories.
At the highest ranking for the state of Louisiana were
Baton Rouge High School
East Baton Rouge County
Silver
Bolton High School
Rapides County, Alexandria, LA
Silver
Caddo Parish Magnet High School
Caddo County, Shreveport, LA
Silver.
Some 33 Louisiana high schools won honors.
At the highest ranking for the state of Louisiana were
Baton Rouge High School
East Baton Rouge County
Silver
Bolton High School
Rapides County, Alexandria, LA
Silver
Caddo Parish Magnet High School
Caddo County, Shreveport, LA
Silver.
Some 33 Louisiana high schools won honors.
Thursday, November 29, 2007
Bonus credit of 3 pts for attending the Class of 2011 Talent Show
Grab a program and get an adult signature (teacher or parent) on it to get 3 bonus points on attending the Talent Show.
The purpose of the show is to give young talent an opportunity to grow and to offer the audience a place to party.
Cookies and cokes available at the show for $1.
Admission is $3.
The purpose of the show is to give young talent an opportunity to grow and to offer the audience a place to party.
Cookies and cokes available at the show for $1.
Admission is $3.
Comparing the George Washington-led struggle with the Gandhi-led revolution against the british; paper due Wed, Dec 5
George Washington Statue at Federal Hall, Wall Street, New York City (Dry Brush Effect, Black and White)
Originally uploaded by Scandblue
Gandhi and the people of India vs the British
and George Washington and the American colonists vs the British.
15 pts
Wed, Dec 5
Please TYPE on 2 sheets.
a) Turning point battle(s). Brief descriptions (exs: the Massacre at Amritsar and the Salt March).
b) Begining & end of each independence movement. Dates and brief descriptions (ex: Gandhi’s arrival in India in 1915 and the exit of the British in 1947).
c) Brief biographies (use 3 dates; make sure of the facts of both by your research).
d) Maps - India and the 13 colonies. Principal cities. Color.
e) Brief description of the allies (Gandhi’s were the press, some ministers and wealthy liberals in Europe and the US).
f) Description of the issues that led to the conflict (ex: salt tax, unfair landlords, the massacre by soldiers at Amritsar).
g) Strategies of warfare (ex: non-violence, use of press, use of courts).
h) Documentation (use “according to“ at the end of the first and second paragraphs).
i) Snacky title and explanatory subtitle.
Wednesday, November 28, 2007
Talent Show 2011, CMHS: Fri, Nov 30, 6:30 pm, PAC
Class of 2011 production team . . .
Performing:
Victoria Wade—“Heaven” dance
Rachael Trafford—String duo
Daniel McFarland—String duo
Joy Shan—piano part of “Hey Jude”
Steven Cox—“Hey Jude”
Karen Ezelle—acoustic on “Hey Jude” and “Realize”
Erin Davis—“What is This Feeling”, “Realize”
Emma-Claire Hughes—backup on “Good Morning Baltimore”
Rachel Carson—backup on “Good Morning Baltimore”
Lindsey Griffith—“Who Knew?” on acoustic
Thomas Carter—“Cancion”
Nick Tingle—Rock guitar medley
Rebecca Gorham—“Good Morning Baltimore”
Tori Smith— Henry skit
Monica Reans—Henry skit
Backstage:
Camry Smith—Stage crew
Sedia Williams—Stage crew
Maya Hudson—Stage crew
Octavis Johnson—Stage crew
Jessica Jackson—Stage crew
Codi Cummings—Stage Art
Jessica Cruzan—Stage Art
Emma Meek—Stage Art
Joy Shan—Stage Art
Rachel Carson—Stage Art
Elissa Little—Light and Sound board
Bitsy Hamiter—Light and Sound board
Matthew Giglio—Stage crew
Alex Morgan—Stage crew
Laykin Smith, Stage crew
Adam Garcia—Stage Art
Rebecca Gorham—Stage Art
Performing:
Victoria Wade—“Heaven” dance
Rachael Trafford—String duo
Daniel McFarland—String duo
Joy Shan—piano part of “Hey Jude”
Steven Cox—“Hey Jude”
Karen Ezelle—acoustic on “Hey Jude” and “Realize”
Erin Davis—“What is This Feeling”, “Realize”
Emma-Claire Hughes—backup on “Good Morning Baltimore”
Rachel Carson—backup on “Good Morning Baltimore”
Lindsey Griffith—“Who Knew?” on acoustic
Thomas Carter—“Cancion”
Nick Tingle—Rock guitar medley
Rebecca Gorham—“Good Morning Baltimore”
Tori Smith— Henry skit
Monica Reans—Henry skit
Backstage:
Camry Smith—Stage crew
Sedia Williams—Stage crew
Maya Hudson—Stage crew
Octavis Johnson—Stage crew
Jessica Jackson—Stage crew
Codi Cummings—Stage Art
Jessica Cruzan—Stage Art
Emma Meek—Stage Art
Joy Shan—Stage Art
Rachel Carson—Stage Art
Elissa Little—Light and Sound board
Bitsy Hamiter—Light and Sound board
Matthew Giglio—Stage crew
Alex Morgan—Stage crew
Laykin Smith, Stage crew
Adam Garcia—Stage Art
Rebecca Gorham—Stage Art
Class of 2011 Talent Show, Fri, Nov 30, 6:30 pm, CMHS, Shreveport
Almost all the people involved in the Freshman talent show for the Class of 2011, CMHS. Please plan to attend so you can enjoy your classmates and support these performers and the production team.
Tuesday, November 27, 2007
Semester Exam Schedule, Dec 19 - 21
The basic schedule each day will be -
8:30 - 8:40 homeroom
8:45 - 10:30 exam
10:30 - 10:40 break
!0:45 - 12:30 exam
12:30 - 1:00 lunch
Students dismissed after exams.
1 - 3:30 teachers at work in classrooms.
Wed, Dec 19
exams 3rd and 4th periods
Th, Dec 20
exams 1st and 5th
Fri, Dec 21
exams 2nd and 6th
The geography exam will consist of
a) 100 multiple-choice, open notes questions taken from the tests given in the course of the semester and placed upon this web site.
b) One hand-sketched map quiz.
Choose from Mississippi Valley, Arabia, Israel & neighbors, India.
c) Brief essay: topics to be announced.
8:30 - 8:40 homeroom
8:45 - 10:30 exam
10:30 - 10:40 break
!0:45 - 12:30 exam
12:30 - 1:00 lunch
Students dismissed after exams.
1 - 3:30 teachers at work in classrooms.
Wed, Dec 19
exams 3rd and 4th periods
Th, Dec 20
exams 1st and 5th
Fri, Dec 21
exams 2nd and 6th
The geography exam will consist of
a) 100 multiple-choice, open notes questions taken from the tests given in the course of the semester and placed upon this web site.
b) One hand-sketched map quiz.
Choose from Mississippi Valley, Arabia, Israel & neighbors, India.
c) Brief essay: topics to be announced.
Comparing two giants: India and China
Students were asked to make a graphic comparison between India and China using the RMQRWA.
1. Maps that show the relative size, which is about 3 to one.
2. Graphs that compare
a) populations
b) population density
c) area.
China has a Communist government that has been modified: it has dropped economic control.
India is a democracy.
The US alliance with India is strained by our partnership with Pakistan. Tens of billions of dollars of US aid to Pakistan has been designated for control of terrrorists, says NPR.
Today , says Time magazine,top US students are learning Mandarin Chinese. Will students of the next generation want to learn Hindi?
China, which continues with its successful One family, One Child policy, has achieved a certain level of population control. India has no such control and its population is expected to surge past China's in the near future, according to Newsweek.
1. Maps that show the relative size, which is about 3 to one.
2. Graphs that compare
a) populations
b) population density
c) area.
China has a Communist government that has been modified: it has dropped economic control.
India is a democracy.
The US alliance with India is strained by our partnership with Pakistan. Tens of billions of dollars of US aid to Pakistan has been designated for control of terrrorists, says NPR.
Today , says Time magazine,top US students are learning Mandarin Chinese. Will students of the next generation want to learn Hindi?
China, which continues with its successful One family, One Child policy, has achieved a certain level of population control. India has no such control and its population is expected to surge past China's in the near future, according to Newsweek.
Monday, November 26, 2007
Gandhi study guide for geography class
Gandhi Study Guide
"Do you fight to change things or do you fight to punish?"
"An eye for an eye only makes the whole world blind."
"If you are a minority of one, the truth is still the truth."
"Poverty is the worst form of violence."
1. The opening scene of the movie is a reenactment of Gandhi’s assassination. State 2 factors that make the murder a surprising one.
2. The next scene takes place in S. Africa when Gandhi was beginning his career as a barrister. What does his experience on the train say about British society?
3. When Gandhi meets with his colleagues in S. Africa he is shocked by the racism. What is Gandhi’s reaction?
4. During Gandhi’s first public meeting, he outlines his methods for fighting an unjust law. What is the outcome of his protest?
5. Gandhi meets a sympathetic English clergyman, and they walk through an impoverished and racist neighborhood. What book does Gandhi quote when they face a group of yahoos?
6. Life in the Gandhi ashram (a Hindi word for community) is an experiment. What is the great social taboo he believes must be changed?
7. The Christian minister gives a sermon which supports Gandhi and his social protest. What is the reaction of the amjority of attendees?
8. Compare the clothing of Gandhi to the dress of the other Indian leaders. What point was being made by Gandhi?
9. Describe the farming system established in India by British colonists.
10. Gandhi tells the American minister that he can do the most good by exiting the protest movement. Why did Gandhi push away this hard-working supporter?
11. Why does General Dyer massacre the gathering of Indian Sikhs in their non-violent meeting?
12. What are Gandhi’s 2 most important goals in building an independent India?
13. What is the purpose of Gandhi’s fast?
Identify the following with a brief phrase or sentence.
14. Kasturba “Ba” Gandhi
15. General Jan Christian Smuts
16. Pandit Nehru
17. Mohamed Ali Jinnah
18. Margaret Bourke-White
19. Sikh
20. Gita
21. British Empire
22. Ashram
23. Untouchables
24. Non-violent resistance
25. Indigo
26. Mahatma
27. Dharasana Salt Works
28. Pakistan
29. New Delhi, India, January 30, 1948
30. Why does the director choose to open the biography with Gandhi’s death?
31. What is sedition?
32. As India’s independence becomes imminent, the conflict among Indians increases. What is the cause of the conflict? How does Gandhi suggest resolving this conflict?
33. In the 1930’s millions of Indians were unemployed. How did Gandhi protest the system that idled the farmers?
34. When India gained its independence from Great Britain, who started fighting?
35. Why did British attempts to control India fail?
36. What lessons do you draw from Gandhi's life story?
37. Why did people follow Gandhi despite the difficulties in it?
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083987/
"Do you fight to change things or do you fight to punish?"
"An eye for an eye only makes the whole world blind."
"If you are a minority of one, the truth is still the truth."
"Poverty is the worst form of violence."
1. The opening scene of the movie is a reenactment of Gandhi’s assassination. State 2 factors that make the murder a surprising one.
2. The next scene takes place in S. Africa when Gandhi was beginning his career as a barrister. What does his experience on the train say about British society?
3. When Gandhi meets with his colleagues in S. Africa he is shocked by the racism. What is Gandhi’s reaction?
4. During Gandhi’s first public meeting, he outlines his methods for fighting an unjust law. What is the outcome of his protest?
5. Gandhi meets a sympathetic English clergyman, and they walk through an impoverished and racist neighborhood. What book does Gandhi quote when they face a group of yahoos?
6. Life in the Gandhi ashram (a Hindi word for community) is an experiment. What is the great social taboo he believes must be changed?
7. The Christian minister gives a sermon which supports Gandhi and his social protest. What is the reaction of the amjority of attendees?
8. Compare the clothing of Gandhi to the dress of the other Indian leaders. What point was being made by Gandhi?
9. Describe the farming system established in India by British colonists.
10. Gandhi tells the American minister that he can do the most good by exiting the protest movement. Why did Gandhi push away this hard-working supporter?
11. Why does General Dyer massacre the gathering of Indian Sikhs in their non-violent meeting?
12. What are Gandhi’s 2 most important goals in building an independent India?
13. What is the purpose of Gandhi’s fast?
Identify the following with a brief phrase or sentence.
14. Kasturba “Ba” Gandhi
15. General Jan Christian Smuts
16. Pandit Nehru
17. Mohamed Ali Jinnah
18. Margaret Bourke-White
19. Sikh
20. Gita
21. British Empire
22. Ashram
23. Untouchables
24. Non-violent resistance
25. Indigo
26. Mahatma
27. Dharasana Salt Works
28. Pakistan
29. New Delhi, India, January 30, 1948
30. Why does the director choose to open the biography with Gandhi’s death?
31. What is sedition?
32. As India’s independence becomes imminent, the conflict among Indians increases. What is the cause of the conflict? How does Gandhi suggest resolving this conflict?
33. In the 1930’s millions of Indians were unemployed. How did Gandhi protest the system that idled the farmers?
34. When India gained its independence from Great Britain, who started fighting?
35. Why did British attempts to control India fail?
36. What lessons do you draw from Gandhi's life story?
37. Why did people follow Gandhi despite the difficulties in it?
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083987/
Sunday, November 25, 2007
More guidelines for participants in the Freshman Talent Show
Please note these recommendations for the auditions and rehearsals at the week-long work sessions for the coming show:
* Sit respectfully in the PAC front rows until you are called to stage.
* MC candidates are asked to prepare by writing out specific skit dialogue.
* Skits and intros must follow a written script. Ad libbing an intro does not fit the goals of this show.
* In scripting, this show will avoid mock fights, mock anger and mock frustration. There are many ways to avoid these script defaults.
* Diction - the art of speaking clearly - will be an emphasis of this show. Rushed dialogue is to be avoided. Success will come through practice.
* Stage presence is largely about
a) placing yourself close to the audience at stage front and
b) not turning your back on the audience while speaking.
* The show needs a witty video; got suggestions?
* Students may be given permission to go to the lobby for prep work by the sponsors. Too much activity in the lobby leads to chaos, yes?
* Since onlookers may slow the preparation process, they are asked to sit quietly in the back of the PAC main audience seating. Students unable to watch quietly may be asked to wait elsewhere.
Scroll down for more guidelines, please.
* Sit respectfully in the PAC front rows until you are called to stage.
* MC candidates are asked to prepare by writing out specific skit dialogue.
* Skits and intros must follow a written script. Ad libbing an intro does not fit the goals of this show.
* In scripting, this show will avoid mock fights, mock anger and mock frustration. There are many ways to avoid these script defaults.
* Diction - the art of speaking clearly - will be an emphasis of this show. Rushed dialogue is to be avoided. Success will come through practice.
* Stage presence is largely about
a) placing yourself close to the audience at stage front and
b) not turning your back on the audience while speaking.
* The show needs a witty video; got suggestions?
* Students may be given permission to go to the lobby for prep work by the sponsors. Too much activity in the lobby leads to chaos, yes?
* Since onlookers may slow the preparation process, they are asked to sit quietly in the back of the PAC main audience seating. Students unable to watch quietly may be asked to wait elsewhere.
Scroll down for more guidelines, please.
Wednesday, November 21, 2007
Peter Pan Players features a bunch of CMHS first-year students; see their self-authored shows on Fri, Sat, Nov 23, 24
If you see The Princess Chronicles at Marjorie Lyons Playhouse on Fri & Sat, Nov 23, 24 (7 pm), you will see, in effect, a preview of the next CMHS Talent Show. Like this show at Peter Pan Players, the skits for the Class of 2011 Talent Show will be written and produced by students.
At MLP the teens have written, and will act in, parodies of Disney classics. These are talented students; this should be an entertaining show.
Please see more at ShreveportBlog.
Auditions for the Class of 2011 Show are Mon, Nov 26, after school.
Scroll down to see the guidelines, please.
At MLP the teens have written, and will act in, parodies of Disney classics. These are talented students; this should be an entertaining show.
Please see more at ShreveportBlog.
Auditions for the Class of 2011 Show are Mon, Nov 26, after school.
Scroll down to see the guidelines, please.
Tuesday, November 20, 2007
Study Links Drop in Test Scores to a Decline in Time Spent Reading
Harry Potter, James Patterson and Oprah Winfrey’s book club aside, Americans — particularly young Americans — appear to be reading less for fun, and as that happens, their reading test scores are declining, says an article in the NY Times. At the same time, performance in other academic disciplines like math and science is dipping for students whose access to books is limited, and employers are rating workers deficient in basic writing skills.
That is the message of a new report being released today by the National Endowment for the Arts, based on an analysis of data from about two dozen studies from the federal Education and Labor Departments and the Census Bureau as well as other academic, foundation and business surveys. After its 2004 report, “Reading at Risk,” which found that fewer than half of Americans over 18 read novels, short stories, plays or poetry, the endowment sought to collect more comprehensive data to build a picture of the role of all reading, including nonfiction.
In his preface to the new 99-page report Dana Gioia, chairman of the endowment, described the data as “simple, consistent and alarming.”
Among the findings is that although reading scores among elementary school students have been improving, scores are flat among middle school students and slightly declining among high school seniors. These trends are concurrent with a falloff in daily pleasure reading among young people as they progress from elementary to high school, a drop that appears to continue once they enter college. The data also showed that students who read for fun nearly every day performed better on reading tests than those who reported reading never or hardly at all.
To continue reading this research summary, please google the title above.
That is the message of a new report being released today by the National Endowment for the Arts, based on an analysis of data from about two dozen studies from the federal Education and Labor Departments and the Census Bureau as well as other academic, foundation and business surveys. After its 2004 report, “Reading at Risk,” which found that fewer than half of Americans over 18 read novels, short stories, plays or poetry, the endowment sought to collect more comprehensive data to build a picture of the role of all reading, including nonfiction.
In his preface to the new 99-page report Dana Gioia, chairman of the endowment, described the data as “simple, consistent and alarming.”
Among the findings is that although reading scores among elementary school students have been improving, scores are flat among middle school students and slightly declining among high school seniors. These trends are concurrent with a falloff in daily pleasure reading among young people as they progress from elementary to high school, a drop that appears to continue once they enter college. The data also showed that students who read for fun nearly every day performed better on reading tests than those who reported reading never or hardly at all.
To continue reading this research summary, please google the title above.
Saturday, November 17, 2007
Class of 2011 Talent Show - Fri, Nov 30, 6:30 pm, PAC
Class of 2011 Talent Show /
Robert Trudeau (861-6809, trudeau@earthlink.net)
and Ken Lerchie
Mon., Nov. 26
Auditions after school, PAC. Music, dance and skits. SGA til 5:30 pm.
Tues.
Posted announcement of students accepted for the show.
After-school rehearsal til 5:30 pm.
Wed. Rehearsal until 5:30 pm.
Thurs. Rehearsal `to 5:30 pm.
Fri. rehearsal after school. No one goes home. Pizza supper backstage.
6:30: curtains open.
Guidelines
a) The talent show works well with only 4 rehearsals – if everyone commits to a week of work. Production staff and talent must attempt to beg a week off from sports practice and lessons. Please swap and bargain.
b) Carpool when possible, please!
c) Rehearsal behavior must be soft of voice and very responsive.
d) Work stations must be frozen after Tuesday for best development.
Building blocks:
a) Stage set: large, hanging sheets of cardboard at back of stage cut out and painted in simple design.
b) Program with names of performers, crew and adults. Student art on both covers. 200 copies.
c) Ticket teams: student-parent advance sales at lunch. Parent-student sales at door.
d) Concessions in foyer at intermission (cokes and cookies); parents and students.
e) Advertising. Eighth graders to be invited.
Positions
a) Emcees: SGA members and talented comics.
b) Musicians, singers, acrobats, etc.
c) Stage manager – troop movement master plan.
d) Stage hands – moving piano, amps, music stands, mics. Etc.
e) Light board (2).
f) Sound board (2).
g) Follow-spot operator.
h) Trouble shooters (2).
i) Parent backstage in choir room & drama room.
j) Pizza pick-up and money collection for pre-performance supper.
Goals of the week:
a) to develop a widespread sense of team spirit.
b) to develop creative solutions to looming problems.
c) to build a class fund that can be used for a charitable contribution as well as to defray the expenses of the Jr-Sr Prom.
d) to have unforgettable fun.
Robert Trudeau (861-6809, trudeau@earthlink.net)
and Ken Lerchie
Mon., Nov. 26
Auditions after school, PAC. Music, dance and skits. SGA til 5:30 pm.
Tues.
Posted announcement of students accepted for the show.
After-school rehearsal til 5:30 pm.
Wed. Rehearsal until 5:30 pm.
Thurs. Rehearsal `to 5:30 pm.
Fri. rehearsal after school. No one goes home. Pizza supper backstage.
6:30: curtains open.
Guidelines
a) The talent show works well with only 4 rehearsals – if everyone commits to a week of work. Production staff and talent must attempt to beg a week off from sports practice and lessons. Please swap and bargain.
b) Carpool when possible, please!
c) Rehearsal behavior must be soft of voice and very responsive.
d) Work stations must be frozen after Tuesday for best development.
Building blocks:
a) Stage set: large, hanging sheets of cardboard at back of stage cut out and painted in simple design.
b) Program with names of performers, crew and adults. Student art on both covers. 200 copies.
c) Ticket teams: student-parent advance sales at lunch. Parent-student sales at door.
d) Concessions in foyer at intermission (cokes and cookies); parents and students.
e) Advertising. Eighth graders to be invited.
Positions
a) Emcees: SGA members and talented comics.
b) Musicians, singers, acrobats, etc.
c) Stage manager – troop movement master plan.
d) Stage hands – moving piano, amps, music stands, mics. Etc.
e) Light board (2).
f) Sound board (2).
g) Follow-spot operator.
h) Trouble shooters (2).
i) Parent backstage in choir room & drama room.
j) Pizza pick-up and money collection for pre-performance supper.
Goals of the week:
a) to develop a widespread sense of team spirit.
b) to develop creative solutions to looming problems.
c) to build a class fund that can be used for a charitable contribution as well as to defray the expenses of the Jr-Sr Prom.
d) to have unforgettable fun.
Saturday, November 10, 2007
India multiple-choice, open notes quiz on Tues, Nov 13, presentations on India due Monday, Nov 12
Namaste.
Mon:
Presentations on India will be squeezed into the class on Mon. if you have yours Mon, you will earn full credit. Those who do not have the report on Mon will lose 5 pts. and have to give theirs on Thurs.
Tues:
Notes on Hinduism and India go back a little over a week. Please read them, make a copy and be ready for a quiz on Tuesday.
Independent work:
- research and compare the lives of Bill Gates and Mohandas K Gandhi.
Mon:
Presentations on India will be squeezed into the class on Mon. if you have yours Mon, you will earn full credit. Those who do not have the report on Mon will lose 5 pts. and have to give theirs on Thurs.
Tues:
Notes on Hinduism and India go back a little over a week. Please read them, make a copy and be ready for a quiz on Tuesday.
Independent work:
- research and compare the lives of Bill Gates and Mohandas K Gandhi.
Emily Derozier, Elizabeth Wuellner, Martin Black, Andrew Wood, Maddie Menefee, Solomon Amiri: Enter Laughing, CMHS, Shreveport
Emily Derozier, Elizabeth Wuellner, Martin Black, Andrew Wood, Maddie Menefee, Solomon Amiri: Enter Laughing, CMHS, Shreveport
Originally uploaded by trudeau
If you'd like to write an evaluation of the comedy - why it was effective, using examples, where it might have ebeen improved, offering examples - I would enjoy reading it and giving you independent credit.
More photos at Shreveport Faces.
Thursday, November 08, 2007
The lotus footprints of Lord Krishna
Krishna is a deity worshipped across many traditions of Hinduism. He is usually depicted as a young cowherd boy playing a flute (such as in the Bhagavata Purana) or a youthful prince giving philosophical direction (as in the Bhagavad Gita).
Most commonly within Hinduism, Krishna is worshipped as an avatar of Vishnu, who is considered the Supreme God by the Vaishnava schools.
Characteristics of Krishna include a divine incarnation, a pastoral childhood and youth, and life as a heroic warrior and teacher.
avatar: In Hindu philosophy, an avatar (Sanskrit) most commonly refers to the incarnation (bodily manifestation) of a higher being (deva), or the Supreme Being (God) onto planet Earth.
The Sanskrit word avatāra- literally means "descent" (avatarati) and usually implies a deliberate descent into lower realms of existence for special purposes.
Most commonly within Hinduism, Krishna is worshipped as an avatar of Vishnu, who is considered the Supreme God by the Vaishnava schools.
Characteristics of Krishna include a divine incarnation, a pastoral childhood and youth, and life as a heroic warrior and teacher.
avatar: In Hindu philosophy, an avatar (Sanskrit) most commonly refers to the incarnation (bodily manifestation) of a higher being (deva), or the Supreme Being (God) onto planet Earth.
The Sanskrit word avatāra- literally means "descent" (avatarati) and usually implies a deliberate descent into lower realms of existence for special purposes.
Basic asanas of the Hatha yoga vocabulary
Here is a site that offers descriptions and names of numerous asanas.
Lotus position: influence of the Hindu's hatha yoga
Yoga (Sanskrit) is a group of ancient spiritual practices originating in India. As a general term in Hinduism[1] it has been defined as referring to "technologies or disciplines of asceticism and meditation which are thought to lead to spiritual experience and profound understanding or insight into the nature of existence."[2]
Yoga is also intimately connected to the other Indian religions.
Outside India, Yoga is mostly associated with the practice of asanas (postures) of Hatha Yoga or as a form of exercise.
Americans recognize the
Asana: Literally means "seat", and in Patanjali's Sutras refers to seated positions used for meditation. Later, with the rise of Hatha yoga, asana came to refer to all the "postures"
Pranayama: Prāna, life force, or vital energy, particularly, the breath, "āyāma", to lengthen or extend
The Sanskrit term yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root yuj, "to control", "to yoke", or "to unite."
Hindu texts discussing different aspects of yoga include the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita.
There are several major branches of Yoga. The asanas and other practices of Hatha Yoga are what Americans know.
Yoga is also intimately connected to the other Indian religions.
Outside India, Yoga is mostly associated with the practice of asanas (postures) of Hatha Yoga or as a form of exercise.
Americans recognize the
Asana: Literally means "seat", and in Patanjali's Sutras refers to seated positions used for meditation. Later, with the rise of Hatha yoga, asana came to refer to all the "postures"
Pranayama: Prāna, life force, or vital energy, particularly, the breath, "āyāma", to lengthen or extend
The Sanskrit term yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root yuj, "to control", "to yoke", or "to unite."
Hindu texts discussing different aspects of yoga include the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita.
There are several major branches of Yoga. The asanas and other practices of Hatha Yoga are what Americans know.
Awareness of India and Hindu philosophy in the late 60's
The Beatles as well as Jimi Hendrix led their young fans into a study of India and Hindu culture in the late 60's. We learned about things such as
- gurus
- meditation
- Lotus seating position and yoga
- Hindu mythology, such as Lord Krishna
- Indian kurtas (tunics), sandals and jewelry
- Indian incense
- Nehru jackets
- Indian palette of colors.
Here's a Hendrix quiz for you and your parents . . .
1. City in which Hendrix was born and raised?
2. Category of his late 60's music?
3. Music that was the origin of his style?
4. Type of guitar (brand and model) with which he was most commonly associated?
5. Type of British amplifiers which became his signature amp in his later career?
6. City in which he was discovered and granted a major recording contract?
7. The traditional American song that he revamped for guitar at the Woodstock Fest in 1969?
8. Origin of his guitar gymnastics - playing it behind his back, between his legs, with his teeth?
9. Age at his death?
10. Name of Microsoft co-founder Bill Allen's museum that is largtely a tribute to Hendrix?
1. Seattle
2. psychedelic - long songs, extended improvisation, special effects, influenced by the ingestion of psychotropic substances.
3. The blues.
4. Fender's Stratocaster (a model created in the 1950's). He also played the Gibson Flying V and Les Paul and Gibson acoustics.
5. Marshall amps, though he also played Fender amps.
6. London. He couldn't get a major contract in NYC.
7. Star-spangled Banner.
8. African-American blues artists in juke joints.
9. age 28
10. The EMP, or Experience Music Project. It is a radical building in Seattle located under the Space Needle.
- gurus
- meditation
- Lotus seating position and yoga
- Hindu mythology, such as Lord Krishna
- Indian kurtas (tunics), sandals and jewelry
- Indian incense
- Nehru jackets
- Indian palette of colors.
Here's a Hendrix quiz for you and your parents . . .
1. City in which Hendrix was born and raised?
2. Category of his late 60's music?
3. Music that was the origin of his style?
4. Type of guitar (brand and model) with which he was most commonly associated?
5. Type of British amplifiers which became his signature amp in his later career?
6. City in which he was discovered and granted a major recording contract?
7. The traditional American song that he revamped for guitar at the Woodstock Fest in 1969?
8. Origin of his guitar gymnastics - playing it behind his back, between his legs, with his teeth?
9. Age at his death?
10. Name of Microsoft co-founder Bill Allen's museum that is largtely a tribute to Hendrix?
1. Seattle
2. psychedelic - long songs, extended improvisation, special effects, influenced by the ingestion of psychotropic substances.
3. The blues.
4. Fender's Stratocaster (a model created in the 1950's). He also played the Gibson Flying V and Les Paul and Gibson acoustics.
5. Marshall amps, though he also played Fender amps.
6. London. He couldn't get a major contract in NYC.
7. Star-spangled Banner.
8. African-American blues artists in juke joints.
9. age 28
10. The EMP, or Experience Music Project. It is a radical building in Seattle located under the Space Needle.
Tuesday, November 06, 2007
Make sure you ace the hand-sketched map of India on Thurs
Students must be conversant with the following and able to sketch 15 identifications on a hand-sketched map on Thursday.
Arabian Sea
Indian Ocean
Bay of Bengal
Ganges River
Himalaya Mts.
Mt Everest
China
Nepal
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Mumbai (Bombay)
Delhi
Kolkata (Calcutta)
Agra
Arabian Sea
Indian Ocean
Bay of Bengal
Ganges River
Himalaya Mts.
Mt Everest
China
Nepal
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Mumbai (Bombay)
Delhi
Kolkata (Calcutta)
Agra
Monday, November 05, 2007
Brief reports on India
Brief reports on India will be researched Mon and Tues in the B3 computer lab and delivered on Th, Fri and Mon - in reverse alpha order. See the topics in the next post.
15 pts.
The rubric -
* titling
* at least 5 images
* very brief notes on screen
* documentation (sources) on each page
* typed script
* overall length of 3 minutes duration
The principal goal is to
- read in depth about your topic.
- communicate some of your background to the class.
- keep the presentation brief.
- you may use Powerpoint, PhotoStory or another program.
Save it via flash drive, please.
15 pts.
The rubric -
* titling
* at least 5 images
* very brief notes on screen
* documentation (sources) on each page
* typed script
* overall length of 3 minutes duration
The principal goal is to
- read in depth about your topic.
- communicate some of your background to the class.
- keep the presentation brief.
- you may use Powerpoint, PhotoStory or another program.
Save it via flash drive, please.
Week of Nov 5 - 9: research in the computer lab on India and Pakistan
Mon and Tues we will use the B3 Computer Lab to assemble brief reports on the background and current life of India and Pakistan.
Thur there will be a hand-sketched map quiz on India and its neighbors of some 15 items .
Topics for the brief reports:
1. Aryans and Dravidians
2. Hinduism: the basic concepts
3. Brahman and 3 other deities
4. Indus valley civilization
5. Jainism
6. Sikhism
7. Buddhism
8. British East India Company
9. Queen Victoria and India
10. Mohandas K Gandhi
11. Non-violent protest against the British
12. Massacre at Amritsar
13. Taj Mahal
14. Shah Jahan
15. Bollywood
16. Mother Teresa
17. Delhi
18. Mumbai
19. Kolkata
20. Ganges R
21. Festivals of India - Diwali, etc.
22. Cooking of India
23.Bill Gates in India
24. Timeline of India
25. Islam in India - the Mughals
26. Conflict with Pakistan
27. Caste system
28. Music of India
29. Clothing of India
30. Himalayas
Thur there will be a hand-sketched map quiz on India and its neighbors of some 15 items .
Topics for the brief reports:
1. Aryans and Dravidians
2. Hinduism: the basic concepts
3. Brahman and 3 other deities
4. Indus valley civilization
5. Jainism
6. Sikhism
7. Buddhism
8. British East India Company
9. Queen Victoria and India
10. Mohandas K Gandhi
11. Non-violent protest against the British
12. Massacre at Amritsar
13. Taj Mahal
14. Shah Jahan
15. Bollywood
16. Mother Teresa
17. Delhi
18. Mumbai
19. Kolkata
20. Ganges R
21. Festivals of India - Diwali, etc.
22. Cooking of India
23.Bill Gates in India
24. Timeline of India
25. Islam in India - the Mughals
26. Conflict with Pakistan
27. Caste system
28. Music of India
29. Clothing of India
30. Himalayas
Enter laughing by the CMHS Drama Dept on Wed, Th, Fri at 7 pm: Tyler Krieg, Elizabeth Wuellner, Andrew Wood, Emily Derozier, Shreveport
Tyler Krieg, Elizabeth Wuellner, Andrew Wood, Emily Derozier, Shreveport
Originally uploaded by trudeau
7 pm
PAC
Thursday, November 01, 2007
Sitar: the great instrument
The sitar (Hindi/Sanskrit: , Urdu/ ستار) is a plucked stringed instrument. It uses sympathetic strings along with a long hollow neck and a gourd resonating chamber to produce a very rich sound with complex harmonic resonance.
Predominantly used in Hindustani classical, sitar has been ubiquitous in Hindustani classical music since the Middle Ages. This instrument is used throughout the Indian subcontinent, says wikipedia.
A distinctive feature of the sitar are the curved frets, which are movable (allowing fine variation in tuning) and raised (so that resonant strings can run underneath the frets). A typical sitar has 18, 19 or 20 strings (depending on the style) — of which 6 are playable strings, which are situated over the frets. Three of these strings provide the drone and the rest are used to play the melody, though most of the notes of the melody are played on the first string (called the baj tar). The sitar also has 11-16 sympathetic strings running underneath the frets.
The instrument has 2 bridges; the main bridge (the bada goraj) for the playing and drone strings and a smaller, secondary bridge (the chota goraj) for the sympathetic strings that run beneath the main strings.
The sitar may or may not have a secondary resonator, the tumba, near the top of its hollow neck. The sitar's distinctive sound is a result of the way the strings interact with the wide, sloping bridge. This is in contrast to the bridge on a guitar which resembles a knife edge. In a sitar, as a string vibrates, its length changes slightly as its edge touches the bridge, promoting the creation of overtones and giving the sound its distinctive, rich tone.
The materials used in construction include teak wood or tun wood (Cedrela tuna), which is similar to mahogony, for the neck and faceplate, and gourds for the kaddu (the main resonating chamber). The instrument's bridges are made of deer horn, ebony, or very occasionally from camel bone or elephant ivory.
Predominantly used in Hindustani classical, sitar has been ubiquitous in Hindustani classical music since the Middle Ages. This instrument is used throughout the Indian subcontinent, says wikipedia.
A distinctive feature of the sitar are the curved frets, which are movable (allowing fine variation in tuning) and raised (so that resonant strings can run underneath the frets). A typical sitar has 18, 19 or 20 strings (depending on the style) — of which 6 are playable strings, which are situated over the frets. Three of these strings provide the drone and the rest are used to play the melody, though most of the notes of the melody are played on the first string (called the baj tar). The sitar also has 11-16 sympathetic strings running underneath the frets.
The instrument has 2 bridges; the main bridge (the bada goraj) for the playing and drone strings and a smaller, secondary bridge (the chota goraj) for the sympathetic strings that run beneath the main strings.
The sitar may or may not have a secondary resonator, the tumba, near the top of its hollow neck. The sitar's distinctive sound is a result of the way the strings interact with the wide, sloping bridge. This is in contrast to the bridge on a guitar which resembles a knife edge. In a sitar, as a string vibrates, its length changes slightly as its edge touches the bridge, promoting the creation of overtones and giving the sound its distinctive, rich tone.
The materials used in construction include teak wood or tun wood (Cedrela tuna), which is similar to mahogony, for the neck and faceplate, and gourds for the kaddu (the main resonating chamber). The instrument's bridges are made of deer horn, ebony, or very occasionally from camel bone or elephant ivory.
Curry of the day
Curry (from Tamil, one of the languages of Southern India) is the English description of any of a general variety of spicy dishes, says wikipedia.
Curry is most likely an anglicized name for the Kari in Tamil to connotate any secondary dish eaten with rice.
The term curry is now used more broadly, especially in the Western world, to refer to almost any spiced, sauce-based dishes cooked in various south and southeast Asian styles.
Not all curries are made from curry powder.
Commercial spice mixes analagous to curry powder are called Garam masala in Hindi and Nepali.
There is a particular north Indian and Pakistani dish which is given the name curry or kadi and utilizes yoghurt, ghee, and besan. In Northern India and Pakistan, the word "curry" usually means "gravy."
Curry powder, also known as masala powder, is a spice mixture of widely varying composition developed by the British during the Raj as a means of approximating the taste of Indian cuisine at home.
Masala refers to spices, and this is the name given to the thick pasty liquid sauce of combined spices and ghee (clarified butter), butter, palm oil or coconut milk.
Most commercial curry powders available in Britain, the U.S. and Canada rely heavily on ground turmeric, in turn producing a very yellow sauce. Lesser ingredients in these Western yellow curry powders are often coriander, cumin, fenugreek, mustard, chili, black pepper and salt.
It should be reiterated that curry powders and pastes produced and consumed in India are extremely diverse; some red, some yellow, some brown; some with five spices and some with as many as 20 or more.
Curry is most likely an anglicized name for the Kari in Tamil to connotate any secondary dish eaten with rice.
The term curry is now used more broadly, especially in the Western world, to refer to almost any spiced, sauce-based dishes cooked in various south and southeast Asian styles.
Not all curries are made from curry powder.
Commercial spice mixes analagous to curry powder are called Garam masala in Hindi and Nepali.
There is a particular north Indian and Pakistani dish which is given the name curry or kadi and utilizes yoghurt, ghee, and besan. In Northern India and Pakistan, the word "curry" usually means "gravy."
Curry powder, also known as masala powder, is a spice mixture of widely varying composition developed by the British during the Raj as a means of approximating the taste of Indian cuisine at home.
Masala refers to spices, and this is the name given to the thick pasty liquid sauce of combined spices and ghee (clarified butter), butter, palm oil or coconut milk.
Most commercial curry powders available in Britain, the U.S. and Canada rely heavily on ground turmeric, in turn producing a very yellow sauce. Lesser ingredients in these Western yellow curry powders are often coriander, cumin, fenugreek, mustard, chili, black pepper and salt.
It should be reiterated that curry powders and pastes produced and consumed in India are extremely diverse; some red, some yellow, some brown; some with five spices and some with as many as 20 or more.
Om, mantras, chanting and the swastika
Hindu practices generally involve seeking awareness of God and sometimes also seeking blessings from Devas (saints). Therefore, Hinduism has developed numerous practices meant to help one think of divinity in the midst of everyday life.
Hindus can engage in pūjā (worship or veneration),[22]) either at home or at a temple. At home, Hindus often create a shrine with icons dedicated to the individual's chosen form(s) of God.
Visiting temples is not obligatory,[74] In fact, many visit temples only during religious festivals. Hindus perform their worship through icons (murtis). The icon serves as a tangible link between the worshiper and God.[75]
The syllable Om (which represents the Parabrahman) and the Swastika sign (which symbolizes auspiciousness) have grown to represent Hinduism itself, while other markings such as tilaka identify a follower of the faith. Hinduism associates many symbols, which include the lotus, chakra and veena, with particular deities.
Mantras are invocations, praise and prayers that through their meaning, sound, and chanting style help a devotee focus the mind on holy thoughts or express devotion to God/the deities.
Many devotees perform morning ablutions at the bank of a sacred river while chanting the Gayatri Mantra or Mahamrityunjaya mantras. The epic Mahabharata extolls Japa (ritualistic chanting) as the greatest duty in the Kali Yuga (what Hindus believe to be the current age). Many adopt Japa as their primary spiritual practice.
Hindus can engage in pūjā (worship or veneration),[22]) either at home or at a temple. At home, Hindus often create a shrine with icons dedicated to the individual's chosen form(s) of God.
Visiting temples is not obligatory,[74] In fact, many visit temples only during religious festivals. Hindus perform their worship through icons (murtis). The icon serves as a tangible link between the worshiper and God.[75]
The syllable Om (which represents the Parabrahman) and the Swastika sign (which symbolizes auspiciousness) have grown to represent Hinduism itself, while other markings such as tilaka identify a follower of the faith. Hinduism associates many symbols, which include the lotus, chakra and veena, with particular deities.
Mantras are invocations, praise and prayers that through their meaning, sound, and chanting style help a devotee focus the mind on holy thoughts or express devotion to God/the deities.
Many devotees perform morning ablutions at the bank of a sacred river while chanting the Gayatri Mantra or Mahamrityunjaya mantras. The epic Mahabharata extolls Japa (ritualistic chanting) as the greatest duty in the Kali Yuga (what Hindus believe to be the current age). Many adopt Japa as their primary spiritual practice.
Brahman and nirvana
The cycle of action, reaction, birth, death, and rebirth is a continuum called samsara. The notion of reincarnation and karma is a strong premise in Hindu thought. The Bhagavad Gita states that:
“ As a person puts on new clothes and discards old and torn clothes,
similarly an embodied soul enters new material bodies, leaving the old bodies.(B.G. 2:22)[32]
”
Samsara provides ephemeral pleasures, which lead people to desire rebirth to enjoy the pleasures of a perishable body. However, escaping the world of samsara through moksha (liberation) is believed to ensure lasting happiness and peace.[33][34] It is thought that after several reincarnations, an atman eventually seeks unity with the cosmic spirit (Brahman/Paramatman).
The ultimate goal of life, referred to as moksha, nirvana or samadhi, is understood in several different ways: as the realization of one's union with God; as realization of one's eternal relationship with God; realization of the unity of all existence; perfect unselfishness and knowledge of the Self; attainment of perfect mental peace; or as detachment from worldly desires. Such a realization liberates one from samsara and ends the cycle of rebirth.
“ As a person puts on new clothes and discards old and torn clothes,
similarly an embodied soul enters new material bodies, leaving the old bodies.(B.G. 2:22)[32]
”
Samsara provides ephemeral pleasures, which lead people to desire rebirth to enjoy the pleasures of a perishable body. However, escaping the world of samsara through moksha (liberation) is believed to ensure lasting happiness and peace.[33][34] It is thought that after several reincarnations, an atman eventually seeks unity with the cosmic spirit (Brahman/Paramatman).
The ultimate goal of life, referred to as moksha, nirvana or samadhi, is understood in several different ways: as the realization of one's union with God; as realization of one's eternal relationship with God; realization of the unity of all existence; perfect unselfishness and knowledge of the Self; attainment of perfect mental peace; or as detachment from worldly desires. Such a realization liberates one from samsara and ends the cycle of rebirth.
Varanasi, the holiest city on the holy Ganges River
Karma translates literally as action, work or deed[29] and can be described as the "moral law of cause and effect".[30]
According to the Upanishads, an individual, known as the jiva-atma, develops sanskaras (impressions) from actions, whether physical or mental. The "linga sharira", a body more subtle than the physical one, but less subtle than the soul, retains impressions, carrying them over into the next life, establishing a unique trajectory for the individual.[31]
Thus, the concept of a universal, neutral and never-failing karma intrinsically relates to reincarnation as well as one's personality, characteristics and family. Karma threads together the notions of free will and destiny.
According to the Upanishads, an individual, known as the jiva-atma, develops sanskaras (impressions) from actions, whether physical or mental. The "linga sharira", a body more subtle than the physical one, but less subtle than the soul, retains impressions, carrying them over into the next life, establishing a unique trajectory for the individual.[31]
Thus, the concept of a universal, neutral and never-failing karma intrinsically relates to reincarnation as well as one's personality, characteristics and family. Karma threads together the notions of free will and destiny.
A Hindu's evening prayers
Hinduism is the world's oldest extant religion,[4][5] and many of whose origins can be traced to the ancient Vedic civilization.[6] A conglomerate of diverse beliefs and traditions, Hinduism has no single founder.[7][8] It is the world's third largest religion following Christianity and Islam, with approximately a billion adherents, of whom about 905 million live in India and Nepal.[9] Other countries with large Hindu populations include Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, Fiji, Suriname, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago.
Hinduism is an extremely diverse religion. Although some tenets of the faith are accepted by most Hindus, scholars have found it difficult to identify any doctrines with universal acceptance among all denominations.[13] Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include Dharma (ethics/duties), Samsāra (The continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth), Karma (action and subsequent reaction), Moksha (liberation from samsara), and the various yogas (paths or practices).
Hinduism is an extremely diverse religion. Although some tenets of the faith are accepted by most Hindus, scholars have found it difficult to identify any doctrines with universal acceptance among all denominations.[13] Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include Dharma (ethics/duties), Samsāra (The continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth), Karma (action and subsequent reaction), Moksha (liberation from samsara), and the various yogas (paths or practices).
Lord Ganesh, one of the widely-popular Hindu gods
Ganesha, also spelled Ganesa or Ganesh, (also known as Ganapati and Vinayaka) is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in Hinduism[5] and India.[6] Hindu sects worship him regardless of other affiliations.[7] Devotion to Ganesha is widely diffused and extends to Jains, Buddhists, and beyond India, says wikipedia.org.[8]
Although he is known by many attributes, Ganesha's elephant head makes him easy to identify.[9] Ganesha is widely revered as the Remover of Obstacles[10] and more generally as Lord of Beginnings and Lord of Obstacles (Vighnesha, Vighneśvara),[11] patron of arts and sciences, and the deva of intellect and wisdom.[12] He is honoured at the start of rituals and ceremonies and invoked as Patron of Letters during writing sessions.[13] Several texts relate mythological anecdotes associated with his birth and exploits and explain his distinct iconography.
Although he is known by many attributes, Ganesha's elephant head makes him easy to identify.[9] Ganesha is widely revered as the Remover of Obstacles[10] and more generally as Lord of Beginnings and Lord of Obstacles (Vighnesha, Vighneśvara),[11] patron of arts and sciences, and the deva of intellect and wisdom.[12] He is honoured at the start of rituals and ceremonies and invoked as Patron of Letters during writing sessions.[13] Several texts relate mythological anecdotes associated with his birth and exploits and explain his distinct iconography.
The Cuisine of China and India: Cilantro and Tamarind Chutneys
See this Times review on the Indian restaurant until recently called Utsav - now called Indigo Indian Bistro.
You may pursue independent writing by describing what you learned at an Indian restaurant.
India's Restaurant is on Youree (the service road) near King's Hwy. 318-349-0256.
You may pursue independent writing by describing what you learned at an Indian restaurant.
India's Restaurant is on Youree (the service road) near King's Hwy. 318-349-0256.
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